Standards
SC.912.L.18.12 Discuss the special properties of water that contribute to Earth's suitability as an environment for fife o hydrogen bonding, polarity, cohesive behavior, ability to moderate temperature, expansion upon freezing, and versatility as a solvent.
SC.912.L.18.14 Describe the basic molecular structures and primary functions of the four major categories of biological macromolecules.
describe the basic molecular structure of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
describe the primary functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in organisms.
explain how enzymes speed up the rate of a biochemical reaction by lowering the reaction's activation energy.
SC.912.L.18.10 Explain the role of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in energy transfers within a cell
SC.912.L.18.11 Explain the role of enzymes as catalysts that lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions. Identify factors, such as pH and temperature, and their effect on enzyme activity.
SC.912.L,14.4 Compare and contrast structure and function of various types of microscopes.
Compound, dissecting, scanning electron, transmission electron.
Vocabulary
Activation Energy - The minimum energy required for chemical reactions occur
Adhesion - Due to its polar nature water molecules have the ability to attract and form hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules. Allows for Transpiration plants (act water moving through the roots up the stem to the leaves where it is evaporated) and this allows plants to grow taller.
Amino Acid - The monomer/building block of all proteins. There are 20 amino acids in the human body
ATP - Specialized Nucleic Acid Molecule. Adenosine Triphosphate. A small chemical that transports energy in cells.
Carbohydrate - Sugar molecules. Create in plants via photosynthesis to store chemical energy. Broken down during cellular respiration to release stored energy.
Cohesion - Due to its polar nature water molecules have the ability to attract and form hydrogen bonds with each other. Creates surface tension.
Covalent Bond - Bond between atoms resulting from the even sharing of valence electrons (electrons on the outer edges of the atoms electron cloud)
Enzyme - Specialized Protein. They lower activation energy required for chemical reactions to occur, thus making them faster.
Hydrogen Bond - Partially positive hydrogens attract partial negative molecules creating a weak bond between them
Hydrophilic - Water loving, molecules that are easily dissolved in water ex. salt
Hydrophobic - Water hating, molecules that do not dissolve in water ex. fat
Ionic Bond - Bond between atoms resulting when one atom 'steals' an electron from the other. The resulting positive and negative charges result in an attraction.
Lipid - Fat molecules. Used for long term storage of excess energy. It can also be found in hormones for messaging purposes. Hydrophobic.
Macromolecule - Macro = Big, Molecules. Large molecules that are largely responsible for the make up of living things: Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Carbohydrates, Lipids
Monomer - Mono = One. A single unit in a larger molecule. These are the building blocks of your macromolecules or polymers.
Monosaccharide - Mono = one, saccharide = sugar. A single simple sugar, this is the monomer in larger carbohydrates.
Non-Polar - Not charged. These would be neutral or uncharged areas on molecules, they do not attract to other molecules.
Nucleic Acid - Macromolecule found in DNA and RNA, used for genetic storage.
Nucleotide - Monomer that creates Nucleic Acids. Contains a phosphate group, sugar group (Ribose) and one of are five possible bases: Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine, and Uracil.
Polar - Charged. These would be slightly uneven charges across a molecule that allows it to attract to other molecules with opposite partial charges
Polymer - Molecule made of two or more monomers
Product - The end result of a chemical reaction
Protein - Large structural molecules created from chains of amino acids
Reactant - The beginning materials in a chemical reaction
Water - Two hydrogens, one oxygen. Uneven sharing of electrons makes the molecule polar resulting in a partially negative oxygen and a partially positive hydrogen pair. This is what allows for a number of unique properties that make life on earth possible.
Properties of Water
Macromolecules
Enzymes
Microscopes