Standards

• SC.912.L.16.1 Use Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment to analyze patterns of inheritance. 

• Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment to analyze patterns of inheritance. 

• identify, analyze, and predict inheritance patterns caused by various modes of inheritance, expressed in both ratios and percentages. 

• SC.912.L.16.2 Discuss observed inheritance patterns caused by various modes of inheritance, including dominant, recessive, codominant, sex-linked, polygenic, and multiple alleles. 

• HE.912.C.1.7 Analyze how heredity and family history can impact personal health. 

Vocabulary

1.  Allele - A form of a trait

2.  Codominance - Type of inheritance where there are two or more alleles for a trait that express evenly (ex: White and Red Petals on the same Flower)

3.  Dihybrid - A type of Punnett Square meant to predict the likelihood of 2 traits being inherited together

4.  Dominant - The allele that shows/overshadows the other allele

5.  F1 Generation - First generation of offspring from a specific parent set

6.  F2 Generation - Offspring from a cross of two F1 individuals

7.  Gene - a sequence of DNA that codes for a trait

8.  Genetic Variation - Different sequence of genes that results in differences in a species

9.  Genotype - Represents the Alleles present in an individual

10.   Gregor Mendel - Father of modern day genetics

11.   Heredity - Passing on genetic traits

12.   Heterozygous - Two different Alleles for the same trait/gene

13.   Homozygous - Two of the same Alleles for the same trait/gene

14.   Incomplete Dominance - Type of inheritance where there are two alleles that aren't fully dominant to each other causing a mixed phenotype (ex: Pink from a white and red allele)

15.   Karyotype - Complete chromosome set 

16.   Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment - Alleles are sorted into gametes independent of each other

17.   Mendel’s Law of Segregation - Only one of the two genes copies are passed down to offspring

18.   Monohybrid - A type of Punnett Square meant to predict the likelihood of a trait being inherited 

19.   Multiple alleles - Type of inheritance that has more than two alleles (ex: Blood Typing has A, B, and o)

20.   P generation - Original par of parents in a genetic cross experiment

21.   Pedigree - Chart used to record the descendants of a family that charts a trait as it is passed down the generations 

22.   Phenotype - The physical representation of a trait

23.   Polygenic Inheritance - Type of inheritance that results when two or more genes are located on the same chromosome and thus more likely to be inherited together

24.   Punnett Square - A chart used to deduce the probability of a genetic cross

25.   Recessive - The allele that is overshadowed by the dominant, it only shows up in the phenotype when the individual is homozygous recessive

26.   Sex-Linked Traits - Type of inheritance that is tied to the sex chromosomes. In humans this is the X or Y chromosomes.