Standards
SC.912.L.16.9 Explain how and why the genetic code is universal and is common to almost all organisms.
explain that the basic components of DNA are universal in organisms.
explain how similarities in the genetic codes of organisms are due to common ancestry and the process of inheritance.
SC.912.L.16.3 Describe the basic process of DNA replication and how it relates to the transmission and conservation of the genetic information.
describe the process of DNA replication and its role in the transmission and conservation of genetic information.
describe gene and chromosomal mutations in the DNA sequence.
explain how gene and chromosomal mutations may or may not result in a phenotypic change.
explain the basic processes of transcription and/or translation, and their roles in the expression of genes.
SC.912,L.16.4 Explain how mutations in the DNA sequence may or may not result in phenotypic change. Explain how mutations in gametes may result in phenotypic changes in offspring.
SC.912.L.16.5 Explain the basic processes of transcription and translation, and how they result in the expression of genes.
Vocabulary
Anticodon - 3 nucleotides on a tRNA that pairs with the codon on an mRNA during Translation
Codon - 3 nucleotides on a mRNA or DNA that will code for an amino acid
DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid. Genetic material that codes for proteins
DNA Replication - Semi-conservative process where DNA is doubled in preparation for Mitosis
Genetic Code - Predicts amino acid sequences by chariting the possible codons and paring them with the amino acids they code for
mRNA - Messenger RNA created from DNA, takes instructions to the ribosomes and pairs with tRNA to create amino acid chains
Mutation - Changes in the genetic sequence
Nucleic Acid - Macromolecule that creates DNA and RNA, stores genetic information
Nucleotide - Monomer that creates Nucleic Acids. Contains a phosphate group, sugar group (Ribose) and one of are five possible bases: Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine, and Uracil.
Protein - Large structural molecules created from chains of amino acids
Protein Synthesis - creation of proteins via transcription/translation.
Ribosome - Site of protein synthesis
rRNA - Ribosomal RNA. Site where mRNA meets tRNA
RNA - Ribonucleic acid. Structurally similar to DNA but instead of Deoxyribose the sugar is a Ribose, and RNA is single stranded not double stranded
Transcription - Process of creating mRNA from DNA
Translation - Process of translating the mRNA code into amino acids to form a protein.
DNA vs. RNA
DNA Replication
Transcription/Translation
Mutations