9/6:  Orientation to class and terminology

 In this semester, we will look at some of the usual topics (Internet, cloud, online safety, web browsers) as well as some unique topics (exploring the virtual world, misinformation, technology for seniors, holidays and technology and more)).  

This class also features four different short term classes on devices.  The first topic will be a 4 week class on iPad/iPhone.

I look forward to seeing you in Zoom either Tuesday and/or Wednesday (if you are an iPad/iPhone user).  

This week, we will discuss: 

• The course website (cwtsdce.org)

  • Review short cut

  • Show tabs and links

  • Clicking on links and saving to computer (Use Handout of CWT at a glance)

• The Student Site:  sdcestudent55.com 

  • Includes schedule of classes 

  • See Meet the Instructor and Details 

  • Also Guides for Online and Zoom 

  • Job opportunities, meeting the instructors and more

• Zoom:  Watch 7 minute video on how to use Zoom (below)

• We will also review Technology terms that you might have

• And we will devote time at the end of class for questions or comments

It is recommended that you visit our page on the website on the Zoom Classroom.  You should take a look at the video on how to use Zoom.  If you will be using an iPad, you can also view the short tutorial on that as well.  Note that we will have the same link for both Monday and Tuesday classes.  I will provide the link each week in the email, but you can always go to this page to find it.  

You can access the course website from any computer or device by going to:  cwtsdce.org.  The first page that you get to (home) is an introduction and includes the syllabus and a little information about the class.  You will find detailed instructions on using Canvas in "Accessing the discussion board" and information on student registration on the student registration page. NOTE:  It is not too late to sign up for classes!  Many still have room.  On the student registration page is a link to our Emeritus classes.  Consider adding another class to your repertoire! 

Tech Terminology Overview

There are lots of terminology terms that we use freely.  I often get questions about them, with people wondering how everything fits together, and what the difference between this or that is.  This talk covers a wide range of these terms, from devices, to operating systems, web browsers and search engines.  You will learn how Wi-Fi compares to cellular, and what it means to be on the cloud.  You will learn a little about viruses, malware, programs and apps.  By the end of the class, you will know a little more, and will have a better understanding of terms.  So, sit back and relax, as we talk geek.  These are the notes which go along with the presentation.  

Devices

Devices for communication have existed for years.  Here is an overview of current technologies used to communicate:

• Mobile Phones:  Portable devices that use cellular networks for calls, texts, and internet access.

• Smartphone: A mobile phone with advanced capabilities like internet browsing, email, apps, and often a touchscreen interface.

• Satellite Phone: Enables communication in remote areas where regular cellular service isn't available.

• Tablet: Similar to smartphones but typically larger and may not have cellular capabilities for voice calls.

• Laptop/Desktop Computer: Used for emails, video conferencing, instant messaging, and various other internet-based communications.

• Two-Way Radio: Devices like walkie-talkies that allow for short-distance communication without a central network.

• Television: Not just for entertainment, modern smart TVs can also be used for video conferencing.

• Smart Watches: Wearable devices that offer basic communication functions like calls and texts, often relying on a connected smartphone for full functionality.

• Voice-activated Assistants: Devices like Amazon Echo or Google Home that can send messages, make calls, and perform other tasks using voice commands.

• Video Conferencing Equipment: Specialized cameras and microphones designed to improve the quality of video meetings.

Operating systems

An operating system (OS) is the software that acts as a bridge between the computer hardware and the computer user. Think of it as the "manager" of the computer, coordinating tasks and making sure everything runs smoothly. When you turn on your computer or smartphone, the operating system is what starts up and manages the basic functions, allowing you to run other software like web browsers or games.

Different devices use different operating systems. For example, Windows is commonly found on desktop and laptop computers, while smartphones usually run on Android or iOS. Household devices like smart thermostats or smart speakers also have simpler, specialized operating systems to manage their functions.

Understanding the basics of an operating system can demystify a lot of the technology which we interact with daily. Whether it's using a computer to video call family members, a smartphone to navigate to a new place, or a smart thermostat to control the heating and cooling in their home, the operating system is the invisible force making it all possible. Knowing what an OS is can help older individuals feel more comfortable using these various devices and taking advantage of their capabilities.

Web browsers: 

A web browser is a software application used to access the internet and view web pages. Think of it like a window that lets you look out onto the world wide web. Popular web browsers include Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Safari, and Microsoft Edge. When you want to visit a website, you type the website's address into the browser's search bar, and the browser takes you there. It's through this browser that you can read articles, watch videos, check your email, shop online, and much more. For older adults, understanding how to use a web browser is essential for navigating the internet. It's the basic tool you'll use to explore all that the web has to offer, from keeping up with news and researching information to staying in touch with family and friends.

Although a device may come with a certain web browser, you can always add others, or make another web browser the default one.  (BTW, a default web browser is the one that will open when you click on a link that takes you to the Internet). 

Search Engines: 

A search engine is a specialized website that helps you find other websites, images, videos, or information based on keywords you type in. Popular search engines include Google, Bing, and Yahoo. Think of a search engine as a digital librarian: you ask it a question or give it a topic, and it sorts through a vast library of online information to present you with the most relevant results.

On the other hand, a web browser is the software you use to access the internet, including search engines. In simpler terms, if the web browser is like a car, the search engine is like the GPS system guiding you to your destination.

Understanding the difference can help you to effectively use the internet. While the web browser allows you to visit any site directly if you know its address, a search engine helps you find what you're looking for even if you don't know where it's located. Knowing how to use both can greatly enhance your ability to access information and services online.

Cloud:  

The term "cloud" in technology refers to a system of servers that store data and applications on the internet, rather than on your computer's hard drive or a local server. Imagine it as a virtual storage locker that you can access from anywhere, as long as you have an internet connection. Instead of saving your photos, documents, or software directly on your computer, you can store them in the cloud.

Using the cloud can offer a lot of conveniences. It makes it easier to share photos with family, collaborate on documents, or access important information from multiple devices, be it a computer, tablet, or smartphone. It also provides a layer of security, as data stored in the cloud is often backed up automatically, protecting your important files from being lost due to computer failures or accidents. Understanding the cloud can help older adults take advantage of modern storage solutions that are both flexible and secure.

Folders and Zipping:

Zipping is the process of compressing one or more files into a smaller, single file known as a ZIP file. Imagine you have a stack of papers; zipping would be like folding them neatly into an envelope, making the stack easier to carry and distribute. Computers use this technique to make files smaller so they can be sent more quickly over the internet or take up less storage space on your device.

To unzip a ZIP file is to reverse the process, extracting the original files from the compressed folder. Most computers and smartphones have built-in tools that allow you to easily zip and unzip files.

Understanding the concept of zipping can be particularly useful for older adults when they need to send multiple files via email or want to save storage space on their devices. It simplifies the process of sharing photos, documents, and other data, making digital life a bit more manageable.

File formats:  

File formats dictate how information is stored in a digital file. You've likely encountered different types of file formats, even if you didn't realize it at the time. For example, text documents can be saved as ".doc" or ".pdf" files, pictures might be ".jpg" or ".png," and music files could be ".mp3" or ".wav." The letters after the dot in a file name, known as the file extension, indicate the format.

Different formats are designed for different purposes. A ".jpg" is usually a compressed image file that's easy to share but may lose some quality, while a ".png" can offer better quality and include transparent backgrounds. Similarly, a ".pdf" is often used for documents you don't want easily altered, like forms or official papers.

Understanding file formats can be helpful when sharing photos with family, sending documents, or even just organizing their digital life. Knowing which format to use can make these tasks easier and more effective.

Programs and apps: 

The terms "program" and "app" are often used interchangeably, but there are subtle differences, mostly related to where and how they are used. 

A program is a general term for any software designed to perform specific tasks on a computer. This includes everything from complex software like Microsoft Office or Adobe Photoshop to simpler functions like a calculator or notepad on your computer.

An app, short for "application," originally referred to software designed for a specific task on mobile devices like smartphones and tablets. However, the term has expanded and now often includes applications on desktops and laptops, especially those downloaded from a designated app store. Apps tend to be more user-friendly and are designed for more specific, focused tasks.

Understanding the difference can clarify the range of software tools available. Programs are generally more comprehensive and may offer a wide array of features but can be complex. Apps, on the other hand, are typically easier to use and more streamlined, making them ideal for straightforward tasks and functions. Both are essential components of the digital world, offering a range of options for different needs.

Malware: 

Malware is short for "malicious software," and it refers to any software designed to harm or exploit computers, smartphones, and other devices. Malware comes in various forms, including viruses, spyware, and ransomware. Once installed, it can do things like corrupt or steal your data, monitor your activities, or give control of your device to cybercriminals.

Understanding the concept of malware is crucial for safe digital practices. It's important to be cautious when clicking on links or downloading files from unfamiliar sources. Security software can help detect and remove malware, and keeping your operating system and other software up-to-date can provide additional protection. Being aware of the risks associated with malware can help older individuals navigate the digital world more securely, safeguarding their information and privacy.  We will spend time learning more about malware and how to prevent it.

Computer virus: 

A computer virus is a type of malicious software, or malware, that attaches itself to legitimate programs or files. Once activated, it can replicate itself and spread to other programs, files, or even other computers. Much like a biological virus, a computer virus needs a "host" to survive and replicate. Its main goals can range from corrupting or deleting data on your computer to taking control of system operations, often without your knowledge.

Viruses often spread through deceptive links, infected email attachments, or dubious downloads. To protect yourself, it's advisable to install a reputable antivirus program and be cautious about clicking on unknown links or downloading files from untrustworthy sources. Keeping your software up-to-date is another effective way to minimize risks, as updates often include security patches for known vulnerabilities that viruses may exploit.

Wi-Fi, wireless routers and hotspots

Wi-Fi is a technology that allows devices like computers, smartphones, and tablets to connect to the internet wirelessly. Instead of using physical cables, Wi-Fi uses radio waves to transmit data.

A wireless router is the device that broadcasts this Wi-Fi signal in your home or office. It's typically connected to a modem, which receives internet access from your service provider. Once set up, the router creates a Wi-Fi network that your devices can join to access the internet.

A hotspot is essentially a public or shared Wi-Fi network. You might find hotspots in places like coffee shops, hotels, or airports. Some smartphones also have a "hotspot" feature, allowing them to share their cellular data connection as a Wi-Fi network with other nearby devices.

Understanding these terms can be helpful for various reasons. Wi-Fi and wireless routers in the home can offer the convenience of accessing the internet from multiple devices and different rooms without needing to plug in cables. Public hotspots provide a way to access the internet while on the go, though it's essential to be cautious as public Wi-Fi can be less secure. Understanding these concepts can make it easier to stay connected, whether you're at home or out and about.

Cellular and cellular data: 

Cellular refers to the technology that allows mobile devices to connect to a network wirelessly for voice calls, texting, and internet access. Unlike Wi-Fi, which is local and limited to a specific area like your home or a coffee shop, cellular service usually covers broader geographical areas through a network of towers. Your mobile phone connects to the closest tower and as you move, it switches to the next closest one, enabling mobility.

The term "cellular" comes from these individual towers creating "cells" of coverage. A cellular network is operated by a service provider that you pay for the services, usually through a monthly bill. There are different generations of cellular technology, labeled as 3G, 4G, and the latest, 5G, each offering varying speeds and capabilities.

Your cellular data usage is typically measured in megabytes (MB) or gigabytes (GB) and is often subject to limits based on your service plan.  When you're out and about, cellular data allows you to stay connected, look up information, and even use GPS navigation. Exceeding these limits can result in extra charges or slower speeds, depending on your carrier and plan, so it is  crucial to be aware of any data limits on your mobile plan to avoid unexpected charges. 

Understanding cellular service is useful for grasping how their mobile phones work and what they are paying for in their phone plans. Whether it's making calls, sending texts, or using apps and browsing the internet, all of these functions can be performed through the cellular network when Wi-Fi is not available. This knowledge can help in making informed decisions when choosing a phone plan or using features on the go.

Streaming media: 

Streaming media refers to the delivery of audio, video, or other content over the internet in real-time, without requiring you to download the entire file to your device first. When you watch a movie on Netflix, listen to music on Spotify, or join a live video call, you are using streaming media. The data flows in a continuous stream, allowing you to watch or listen almost instantly, without waiting for a complete download.

Understanding streaming media can open doors to a wealth of entertainment and information options. Instead of needing to buy DVDs or CDs, you can access a vast library of movies, shows, and music right from your device, often for a monthly fee or sometimes for free with ads. Streaming also applies to live events, like news broadcasts or sports games, which can be watched in real-time from anywhere with a good internet connection. Grasping the basics of streaming media can offer a convenient way to enjoy content and stay connected, directly from the comfort of home.

Data, Memory and speed: 

"Data" refers to the information processed or stored by a computer. This can include everything from text and numbers to photos, videos, and more. When you save a document, take a photo, or download a song, you are creating or storing data. Data is measured in bandwidth and refers to how fast data can travel through your network.  It is measured in megabits per second (Mbps).  It is set by the network.  Your provider may offer you a larger bandwidth, which means that you can have more Mbps data.  This is important for people doing a lot of downloading and uploading, such as gamers and website designers.

"Memory" generally refers to the hardware in a computer that stores data temporarily for quick access. The most commonly referred-to types are RAM (Random Access Memory), which temporarily stores data that's actively being used or processed, and hard drive storage, which is where data is stored more permanently. For example, when you open an application, it's loaded into RAM so that it runs more smoothly.

"Speed" in computing can refer to various aspects of performance, such as how fast data can be read from or written to storage, or how quickly tasks can be completed. This can be influenced by many factors including the processor speed, the amount of RAM, and the speed of the internet connection for tasks like downloading files or streaming videos.

Understanding these terms can help make sense of the specifications when choosing new devices or services. More RAM and a faster processor will generally mean a quicker and more responsive device, while more hard drive space or cloud storage will allow for more data to be stored. Internet speed will impact how quickly you can perform tasks online, such as loading web pages or streaming videos. Knowing these basics can aid in making informed decisions to better suit individual needs.

Cache and Cookies

Cache and cookies are small pieces of information that your web browser stores to make your internet experience faster and more personalized.  

• Cache is like a short-term memory for your browser. When you visit a website, the cache stores elements of that page, such as images or layout details, so the next time you visit the same site, it loads more quickly. This saves you time because your browser doesn't have to download everything from scratch each time.  

• Cookies are small files that websites place on your computer to remember your preferences or login details. Think of them like digital name tags that tell a website, "Hey, this person has been here before, and these are their settings." Cookies can save you the hassle of re-entering your username and password every time you visit a site you use regularly.

Both cache and cookies aim to make your online experience smoother, but they can sometimes cause issues, like showing you outdated information or storing data you'd rather keep private. Understanding what they are can help older adults manage their internet use more effectively, including when it might be beneficial to clear these files from their computer.

Smart home:

A smart home is one equipped with various devices that automate tasks normally handled by humans. These devices are often interconnected through a home network, allowing them to communicate with each other and be controlled remotely through smartphones, tablets, or computers. Common smart home devices include smart thermostats, doorbell cameras, voice-activated assistants like Amazon's Alexa or Google Assistant, smart locks, and even smart appliances like refrigerators and ovens.

For older adults, a smart home can offer both convenience and enhanced security. For example, smart thermostats can adjust heating and cooling based on your preferences, potentially saving on energy costs. Doorbell cameras and smart locks can provide added layers of security, allowing you to see who is at your door and control access to your home remotely. Voice-activated assistants can set reminders, play music, or answer questions without requiring you to use a computer or phone. Understanding what a smart home is and how its devices work can help older adults make informed decisions about how to enhance their living spaces for comfort, efficiency, and safety.

AI (artificial intelligence:

Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to computer systems designed to perform tasks that would typically require human intelligence. These tasks can range from understanding language and solving problems to recognizing patterns and making decisions. In everyday life, AI already plays a substantial role.  AI can provide significant benefits such as health monitoring through wearable devices, personalized medication recommendations, and even smart home systems that make living more comfortable and secure. Voice-activated assistants like Amazon's Alexa or Apple's Siri can help in setting reminders for medication, making phone calls, or simply answering questions—all of which can assist in maintaining a level of independence. Therefore, understanding AI can offer older adults a window into modern tools that can enhance their quality of life.

ChatGPT

ChatGPT is a conversational tool powered by artificial intelligence, and it's designed to engage in text-based conversations with users. It can do things like answering general knowledge questions and providing recommendations to assisting with a variety of tasks. It can also help with setting reminders, finding recipes, or even providing news updates. It can even act as a companion for social interaction, helping to alleviate feelings of loneliness or isolation. With voice-activated interfaces, such as smart speakers, interacting with ChatGPT can be as simple as speaking to a friend, making it accessible even for those who may not be tech-savvy. Understanding how to use tools like ChatGPT can help you to stay informed, connected, and engaged with the world around them.

Deep Fake

Deepfake technology uses artificial intelligence to create highly convincing fake videos or audio recordings that look and sound like real people saying or doing things they never actually said or did. This technology can manipulate or fabricate content to an extent that it becomes increasingly difficult for viewers to distinguish between what is real and what is fake. For many people, deepfakes pose a particular risk as they may be used to spread disinformation, perpetrate scams, or manipulate beliefs and opinions. For example, a deepfake video might falsely show a public figure making controversial statements, which could mislead viewers into believing something untrue. Therefore, it's crucial to approach digital content with a critical eye and corroborate information from multiple, reputable sources before accepting it as true. Understanding the existence and potential dangers of deepfakes can help you to become more discerning consumers of digital content.

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