10/9: Web Browsers
Our agenda this week:
Review from last week's lesson (Online Safety)
Introduction to discussion boards on Canvas
Presentation on web browsers
Hands on look at several browsers
Short breakout session to look at specific browsers
Homework:
View at least some videos
Look at settings for at least one browser
Class recording
Did you miss the class? Or do you want to hear the lesson again? You can view the recording for Tuesday's class by clicking here.
Quick links:
Link to Zoom: https://sdccd-edu.zoom.us/j/9191959460?pwd=OXh0RE9ZTVZTWElTMUQ0ZzAxQzExdz09
(Password: emeritus)
What we will do in this session:
· Define and describe what a web browser is
· Compare and contrast several web browsers
· Demonstrate some features of web browsers
· Participate in some tasks on a number of web browsers.
What is a web browser?
A web browser is software which is downloaded to your device which is used to locate, retrieve and display content on the World Wide Web. This content includes web pages, images, videos and other files.
A web browser uses a special software called HTML, which makes the web page readable. HTML uses code to create font, add images, and connect to other web pages.
There are many web browsers, each with their own unique features and characteristics. They all perform one job well, that is to access the Internet and provide the tools for a satisfactory online experience. However, there are differences between them, which we will consider as we look at some major browsers.
Many people ask if they need more than one browser. The answer is YES! Different browsers may result in a slightly different look or feel to a web page. Also, there are instances where a certain website will work better with one web browser over the other. Some browsers may work better with certain operating systems (Safari is a web browser owned by Apple, Internet Explorer is owned by Microsoft and Google Chrome is owned by Google).
Some people confuse browsers with search engines. They are not the same thing. We will explain search engines later in the lesson.
You can use any web browser on any computer, regardless of the operating system and type of computer.
Mobile devices use web browsers as well, but these are actually known as “microbrowsers”. They are optimized for the smaller screen and use less power and memory over the ones used on your computer or laptop. They may also have fewer features than the computer version.
Video: From GCF Learn Free, a Browser lesson
Video: Watch the timeline as we see the use of browsers through the years. How many do you remember using?
Web browser versus Search engine
This is something which is very confusing to people. Your web browser provides your gateway to the Internet. The Search engine (such as Google, Bing or Yahoo) searches the Internet to find sites of interest. A web browser can use any search engine, although they will come with a default search engine. Google Chrome and Firefox will come with the Google search engine, Edge will come with Bing. You can change your default search engine in settings.
Video: Want to learn more? Learn more about the difference between a search engine and a web browser.
Examples of Web browsers:
There are many web browsers. People are surprised to see that browsers can be very different. They may be designed with features in place which may enhance AI features, increase privacy, limit tracking and more.
Traditional Web browsers:
Popular web browsers include Firefox, Chrome, Edge, and Safari. Each of these browsers are designed for quick and easy access to the Internet, and each have unique properties. These are the ones we will focus on in class.
Nontraditional web browsers
There are browsers set up for unique situations, such as extra privacy, a classic look, or a particular type of audience. Here are some of them:
Brave: Privacy
Audience: Privacy-conscious users.
Features: Blocks trackers and ads by default, includes a built-in way to support content creators through the BAT (Basic Attention Token) system.
Tor Browser: Anonymity
Audience: Users seeking anonymity.
Features: Reroutes traffic through several volunteer-operated servers, making it much harder to trace. It's the primary way to access the deep web and .onion websites.
Waterfox: Classic look and feel
Audience: Users who prefer older versions of Firefox or want a browser that respects their privacy.
Features: Fork of Firefox that focuses on speed and privacy. It doesn't collect any telemetry data from users.
Tusk Browser: Conservatives and Free speech
Audience: Conservative background
Features: Description: Emphasizes free speech the dangers of labeling dissent as "hate."
Interesting fact: I was unable to find liberal centered web browsers, but was able to find conservative alternatives to Facebook, Wikipedia, Snopes and the AARP.
Maxthon: Cloud integration
Audience: Users looking for integrated tools and cloud syncing.
Features: Offers cloud syncing, integrated ad-blocker, and a unique split-screen browsing feature.
I had found suggestions for kid safe browsers but was disappointed in the results. Unlike the traditional browsers (Google Chrome, Firefox, Edge), most did not have a site to download them online. Instead, there were other services which allowed downloading. In some cases, when finding the browser, it was much outdated. As a result, I am not including any web browsers that could not be downloaded directly from the site, or that seemed very out of date.
However, we will discover some kid friendly search engines to work within a safe browser. If you are doing this, you can create safety filters in your browser, or use filters.
Video: This is a candid review of the Brave browser. Nice to have the input of an expert.
Examples of Search Engines
Google: Google is the most popular and trusted search engine used by the public. In fact, Google has 92.3% of the search engine market. Google's ranking algorithm has been enriched with hundreds of other factors (including the help of machine learning) and still remains the most reliable way to find exactly what you are looking for on the Internet.
Bing: However, Microsoft Bing is gaining popularity with its integration with AI and DALL-E 3, an image generator. Features include:
· The Bing Image Creator (powered by OpenAI) (Learn more about this)(And more on DALL-E 3)
· Works with Windows Copilot
· Can be used on your mobile devices
· Works best with Edge, but supporting third party browsers as well
· Also features Bing Chat, considered to be more advanced than ChatGPT and GPT4.
But there are other search engines which can give you comparable results, and in some cases, work better in your browser or offer you more security. When in a browser, you can easily switch from search engine to search engine by entering the name into the address bar of the web browser.
Here are some of the other ranked search engines:
Yahoo: Yahoo is still a popular email provider and its search engine commands about 1% of the market. Originally, from 2011 to 2015, it was powered by Bing. In October of 2015, Yahoo agreed with Google to provide search-related services until October 2018. However, as of October 2019, Yahoo is once again provided by Bing.
Baidu founded in 2000 and is the most popular search engine in China.
Yandex is the most popular search engine in Russia.
DuckDuckGo is valued by many because it has a clean interface, it does not track users, and there are not as many ads. It is the default search engine for the privacy based web browser, Brave as well as the ultra private web browser, Tor. However, it does not have a search index of its own (like Google and Bing). Instead, they generate search results using a variety of sources, which provides a limitation when compared to Google.
Nontraditional search engines
Kiddle: A search engine for kids. Search results are filtered to show safe, kid-oriented content. Explicit and unsafe content is filtered out, and large thumbnails make it easier for kids to scan the content.
Ecosia: An environmentally conscious search engine. It’s selling point is that it plants a tree with every search. It provides a counter to show how many trees you've helped plant.
Wiki: You have heard of Wikipedia, but did you know that there is a search engine dedicated to wikis?
YouTube: I know you may be scratching your head, but the search feature within YouTube is amazing. You can find any video on the site by entering the key words. Keep in mind that YouTube is a Google product, and it does track you. So, if you were looking for information on gentle chair yoga, you will continue to find suggestions whenever you visit the site.
WolframAlpha: This is a different type of search engine, marketed as "computational knowledge engine". It does all sorts of calculations. If you have some time to spare, visit the site and search.
Source: https://www.reliablesoft.net/top-10-search-engines-in-the-world/
Google search tips (not in class)
Video: Want to learn more about search engines? This six minute video lines it up for you.
Things about browsers
Things that all web browsers do:
Use HTML code to create web pages,
Open in multiple tabs or separate windows,
Let you bookmark pages,
Support file transfers (downloading and uploading files),
Offer private browsing (which leaves no trace).
Remember passwords and sync them (encrypted) with bookmarks and browsing history·
Help find websites by using a search engine
Downloading a web browser
You can choose to use any browser on your computer or smartphone. However, it is important that you know where the browser file is coming from. If you do not download from the correct spot, you do have the possibility of downloading malware along with it. Here are the steps to download a browser:
Search for the browser: Open your current browser and search for the one that you want to download (such as Firefox)
Look at the options and choose one that is on the browser's domain. (A domain is the name of a website. It informs us who is behind the site. The Google Chrome browser would be on the Google site, while the Edge browser would be on the Microsoft site. Firefox is a product owned by Mozilla.) When searching for Firefox online, the following results turned up. Which of these are legitimate sites to download Firefox?
Click on the correct link and select “Download Firefox”. (Both of these would work)
·
After selecting download, your device will open in a window asking you to save the file (Firefox installer.exe)
After clicking save, you may see the file at the bottom of your current browser. Or, you may find it in the download folder. Click to open.
You will receive a notice warning you that this program may change your computer. You need to agree to continue.
A box will pop-up. If you have had Firefox in the past, it will suggest you re-install. Otherwise, you will see a button to install. Click on it.
It will install and then open the Firefox browser. You have the option to make it your new default browser.
Web browser Terminology:
(viewed in Google Chrome)
Although web browsers may look different, most have these common features. Let's look at the terminology behind a web browser.
title bar (at the top of the browser, often on a tab)
back and forward arrow (return to previous page, or back to where you were)
refresh (gives a most recent look at website)
home (takes you to your default home page on browser)
address bar (can be used for a web address or, in most cases, a search term)
tool bar, (includes back and front arrows, refresh, and extensions)
bookmark bar (just below the address bar)
favorites star
search box (quick search, Chrome does not have separate search box)
tabs (reflect each of the web pages that are open)
scroll bar (not shown, might have them on the side, below or both)
status bar (not shown, at bottom of screen, shows URL of what your mouse is hovering over, also shows progress of loading)
Other browsers
Safari web browser is different in one main way
Safari web browser, like most Apple products, has a different way of finding things like bookmarks, history, cookies and more. Instead of the 3 dots or lines, it has the menu bar which appears at the top of your Mac while in the Safari browser. It makes it much easier to find things and access your controls.
Other terms:
· Caching: As you browse the web, your computer saves files and images that you request. This is called “caching”. The web browser may also call them “temporary internet files”. This process helps speed up the experience on the web. You can control your caching options by going to tools > Internet options. You will see an area called Temporary Internet files.
· SSL: You will sometimes see a little padlock on your web address bar. This means that the site is on a “secure server”, which is important if you are submitting sensitive data. SSL is a special layer of security. You will also see it identified in the address as https (instead of http)
· Tool bars: Your web browser may show a tool bar (see example above). These are unique to each browser and can be selected or deselected as required. Tool bars do things like perform a search, autofill a text box, or block pop-ups.
· Cookies: Cookies are small text files that live in the browser directory. They are used by web developers to help users navigate their websites efficiently. They are created when the browser loads a particular website. The website sends information to the browser which creates a text file. Each time you return to that site, the browser retrieves and sends this file to the website’s serve. Some uses for cookies:
o They are used to authenticate, storing login information so users can enter and leave without having to re-enter the same information over and over.
o They can store information about what you did while on the site, so you can easily pick up where you left off when you return to the site. Because web pages don’t have memory, cookies tell the server what pages to show the user so they don’t have to navigate the site over and over. They are like bookmarks in this way.
o They may also store user preferences, such as themes and site layouts.
o Cookies are NOT viruses. They are a plain text file. However, since they store information about your browsing preferences and history, they can be used as a type of spyware. This is why anti-spyware products will frequently warn you about deleting cookies.
o Your browser lets you set a level of cookie acceptance.
o Most sites will warn you if they use cookies.
Video: 5 minute video describing cookies
Video: And another 5 minute video describing the browser cache
Tasks done in class (or after if you like)
Viewing all options:
Browsers offer a number of services, some unique and some shared to all browsers. All will have some sort of 3 dot or 3-line icon to the far right of the browser, same level as the web address. From there, you can sign in to sync, open new window, open incognito window, history (clear history), downloads (on that browser), extensions and settings.
Settings:
You will find different options depending on the browser, but you should know where they are, and should spend a little time with privacy and search. Consider:
· Having web browser to continue where you left off, or by opening a new page, or a specific page (Startup)
· Clear browsing history (Privacy or history)
· Safety check (Chrome)
· Permissions (privacy and security)
· Sync to other devices
Bookmarks: Adding, deleting, organizing and importing: (Chrome)
· Add: Click on the star, name bookmark and say where to store (Bookmarks bar, other bookmarks, folders you have set up)
· Delete: Highlight bookmark, right click, delete
· Organize in Bookmark manager:
o 3 dots, click Bookmarks and then Bookmark manager
o Move folders and files in left pane (left click and drag)
o Delete folder on left (left click, delete)
o Organize into alphabetical order. Can do this by folder, from large folder (Bookmark bar) to smaller folders (good health). Click on folder. Click on 3 dots next to search bookmark bar. Click sort by name
· Import/Export bookmarks:
o Click on the 3 dots
o Click “export”. File will be saved as an HTML document.
o Click “import”. Find the file from the previous browser.
§ For this, went to Edge. Clicked on favorites and then import. Prompted to download from Google. No need to get file.
§ Firefox: Right Click on the show sidebar icon (next to library), select bookmarks. (Make sure you have also enabled ‘menu bar’). On Menu bar, hit ‘file” and ‘import from another browser’.
§ On all, select browser (must be closed at the time). Hit finish when done.
§ They will end up in their own folder. You can delete the folder if you change your mind.
· Bookmarks bar: This is a bar just below the address bar. Any favorites that you have saved to the bookmarks bar will appear hear.
· Other bookmarks: This is where you will find the rest of your favorites.
Extensions
Extensions act as part of the browser. They are very specific apps, designed to do one thing well. An example of a valuable extension is a password manager. Extensions are unique to each browser. Note: Extensions can slow down the browser and if it is not reputable can be malware. Download them carefully.
§ Click on the 3 dots or lines to find extensions
§ See what extensions you have on your system
§ Disable or remove those that you are not sure of
§ Find more in “get extensions”
Save password
All save passwords. You can set up or disable in settings. You can also delete passwords if you wish. Caution when syncing your browser to other devices, because this will also expose your passwords if someone gets your device. The Save Password feature is unique to each browser.
Update browser
Most will be automatically updated. You may be asked when you log in to complete the update, or you may see a notice (update pending).
Unique to some browsers:
Edge:
§ Read aloud (3 dots, read aloud). Will read webpage for you.
§ Collections (next to the star of favorites)
§ Either create new collection (or add to a collection)
§ Find a webpage which is related to that collection
§ Click on “add current page”
Chrome:
§ Task manager (if something is stalling the browser, you can access and end this here). 3 dots, more tools, task manager
§ Safety check (safe from data breaches, bad extensions, etc.). Settings, safety check.
Firefox:
§ Protections dashboard (3 lines, protections dashboard)
§ Pocket: Use this to save websites. Click on library and pocket list. Sign up. Use email but make up new password for this. Click on discover to find some interesting things.
Safari:
All preferences, views, bookmarks, etc. found on menu bar while in Safari
Select Help>Safari Help to see a User Guide for Safari
Additional resources:
Tutorial: Here is an excellent tutorial from GCF Learn Free
Tutorial: Here is another tutorial which demonstrates some features of web browsers. Keep clicking for more information on the site.
Tutorial on TOR: Use this comprehensive guide on Tor to learn more.