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Biochemistry
Aishwarya Keerthi
Glioblastoma Multiforme is the most common type of malignant primary brain tumor and is currently incurable due to the heterogeneity of its tumor composition. Therefore, this study proposes to create an autobioluminescent cellular model in a 2D cell culture format using glioblastoma cells that would serve as the baseline for a future 3D cellular model. The cells in this study were patient-derived and pre-made to exhibit autonomous bioluminescence. In order to develop the cells ...
Computational Biology & Bioinformatics
Ali El Moselhy
To date, HIV has been responsible for over 35 million deaths. As of today, over 37.9 million people around the world live with HIV (PLHIV). Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for 25.7 million PLHIV, over 65% of current worldwide estimates. There exist different intervention strategies used to combat HIV. In this paper, we propose a framework to optimally allocate capital to those intervention strategies ...
Behavioral Science
Anushka Kumar
PTSD prevention requires attention to the risk and protective factors that influence its development following a traumatic event. Genetic predisposition is associated with long-term risk for mental illness, but both extrinsic resiliency factors, such as emotional support, and intrinsic resiliency factors, such as trait resilience, may be able to attenuate this risk. In a well-powered trauma-exposed civilian cohort, we seek to explore the relationships between genetic risk, resilience, and PTSD symptoms ...
Biochemistry
Ava Akbarian
The dolphin auditory system is extremely complex as well as sensitive. Because of this, noise pollution is a large problem for aquatic mammals. Noise pollution comes from human made technology such as ships, fracking, and missiles. Noise pollution is known to have a negative effect on the livelihoods of marine life. In the dolphin brain, there is a nucleus called the Ventral Cochlear Nucleus (VCN) which is associated with hearing in dolphins. There is little known about the auditory nuclei of dolphins ...
Medicine & Health
Avaneesh Rao
High-grade glioma is a type of cancerous tumor found in the brain that affects glial cells, Gliomas make up around 30 percent of all brain tumors and central nervous system tumors, and 80 percent of all malignant brain tumors. Unlike many other treatments, Temozolomide (TMZ) is able to pass through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). TMZ works by binding to the DNA in highly proliferative cells and disrupting the cell replication process by ...
Medicine & Health
Cindy DeDianous
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in working-age adults. However, DR can only be diagnosed once changes to the retinal vasculature are visible using non-invasive imaging, and available treatments can only slow eventual blindness. Previous studies suggest that neurodegeneration may precede damage to the retinal vasculature, specifically damage to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). ON and OFF-sustained alphas, two types of RGCs, were examined because they ...
Plant/Animal Biology
Claire Chou
Bison face a significant threat from humans hunting their populations through selective harvesting or trophy hunting. Although the impact of hunting on the demography of bison is thoroughly documented, the effects on the behavior of surviving bison are not understood to the same degree. In North American plains bison, Bison bison, ‘bellows’ are known as low, guttural vocalizations made by bulls during the breeding season in male-male contests ...
Engineering
Ephram Cukier
Each year, there are more than one million amputations worldwide. However, there are currently no accurate and compact prosthetics available to patients to restore functionality to the amputated regions. Most research regarding the construction of a smart prosthetic for the rehabilitation of an upper limb amputation has revolved around the use of analyzing data from surface electromyographic (sEMG) sensors, a sensor that can detect the electrical signals that activate muscles ...
Engineering
Jaden Tepper
A subdural hematoma (SDH) is a common brain injury characterized by a hemorrhage in the subdural space. SDH is extremely dangerous, and the mortality rate for patients with an acute SDH is 36% to 79%. There are two main surgical techniques utilized to drain SDH. The first is a craniotomy, where a large section of the skull is removed, allowing easy access to the hemorrhage. However, this technique is very invasive. The second utilizes a burr hole to access the hematoma. This operation is less invasive ...
Neuroscience
Jeffrey Lee
Astrocytes, support cells, outnumber the amount of neurons, the “thinking” cells, by 5 times. In inflammation, the immune cells in the brain, such as microglia, will detect a stimulus, such as a bacteria, and trigger inflammation through the use of cytokines, chemical messengers between cells. These cytokines will talk to other cells in the brain causing a change in gene expression. For neurons, this change in gene expression means cell death, whereas for astrocytes, the cytokines will cause them to turn into ...
Neuroscience
Katey Jones
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a relatively common genetic disease that affects approximately one person out of every 3,000 people (4). This genetic disease can lead to ophthalmic conditions, tumor growth, memory deprivation, learning deficits, and several other life-threatening and uncomfortable symptoms. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Neurofibromatosis Type-1, are in the process of being modeled in 3D stem cell modeling cultured systems, known as cerebral organoids. These organoids have the ability to ...
Neuroscience
Michelle Sosner
Alzheimer’s disease affects a large portion of the population. Cell death research is vital for neurodegenerative diseases. Among the many types, ferroptosis is receiving increased attention. It is a programmed, iron-dependent cell death mechanism (Jiang, et al., 2021). It can be triggered by inhibiting the Xc- transporter, an antiporter (Ratan, 2020). Inhibiting this transporter leads to an accumulation of intracellular glutamate, leading to ferroptosis (He, et al., 2013). In the current study, ferroptosis was ...
Medicine & Health
Neil Pereira
Almost 50% of deaths are attributed to inflammatory related diseases such as heart disease, strokes, cancer, diabetes, and kidney disease. Dietitians have identified a whole foods, plant-based (WFPB) diet as effective in reducing inflammation and overall positively affecting the cardiovascular system. However, cardiologists have recently discovered the benefits of the Mediterranean diet, a further specialized version of the whole foods, plant-based diet. The Mediterranean diet is unique when compared ...
Neuroscience
Ryan Chase
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, also known as ALS, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the death of both upper and lower motor neurons. This selective degeneration of these discrete cell types, caused by mutations expressed ubiquitously, is what causes research behind ALS to be incredibly difficult. In this study, we aim to use Adeno Associated Virus engineered for retrograde labeling (AAV-retro) to quantify cell density in both vulnerable and invulnerable populations in ...
Neuroscience
Sebastian Verrelli
Prion diseases are a set of neurodegenerative conditions caused by prion protein (PrP). These neurodegenerative conditions are specifically caused by misfolded variations of the healthy PrP found in the brain, denoted as PrPC. Once a misfolded variant, denoted as PrPSC, is introduced to a healthy brain environment, the healthy variants are also misfolded; this inhibits cells from functioning properly. The PrPSc proteins aggregate in plaque formations, inhibiting neuron transmission and leading to ...
Plant/Animal Biology
Tyler Handler
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) is a juvenile-onset hip-joint disease that occurs in an estimated 2% of small breed dogs. It is characterized by cell death to the femoral head, the part of the hip joint that acts as the ball in the hip’s ball-and-socket joint. Common symptoms include lameness, hip pain, inability to bear weight on the joint, shrinkage of leg muscles, and decreased joint function. Diagnosis is made by clinical observation of lameness and then confirmed by x-ray. However, the lameness does not ...
Medicine & Health
Vivian Zwieg
Carcinogenesis of the large bowel and rectum are generally considered to be part of the same disease and is termed colorectal cancer (CRC). Metastatic CRC (mCRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death for adults in the United States. In spite of therapeutic advancements in chemotherapeutic drugs and biological inhibitors, the 5-year survival rate for mCRC patients remains at 15%. Furthermore, certain patients do not respond robustly to current therapies ...
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