In the two previous activities, you learned that properly designed experiments need to include a control group whenever possible to serve as a standard of comparison. This helps scientists determine the effect the independent variable has on the experimental results.
When performing medical and laboratory tests, scientists and medical professionals also use controls. Just like in an experiment, these controls serve as a standard of comparison. The person analyzing the test results can determine whether or not the patient sample is positive or negative for an illness by comparing the patient samples to a positive control sample and a negative control sample. If the patient sample is positive for the illness, the patient sample results will match the positive control sample results; if the patient sample is negative for the illness, the results will match the negative control sample.
Examine the sample experiment results in Figure 1 to determine whether or not this patient has Disease A.
Control✏️
A group or individual used as a standard of comparison for checking the results of a survey or experiment.
Independent Variable✏️
A variable that does not depend on the state of another variable.
Positive Control✏️
Group or sample expected to produce a positive result.
Negative Control✏️
Group or sample expected to produce a negative result.
Since the patient sample results match the results for the positive control sample, the patient has Disease A.
Review the patient’s medical file below, and identify any clues that may help you determine what’s making Patient 1 sick. Document all of your case clues by writing them in an organized manner. Consider keeping a list of symptoms and other data to refer to later.
It’s time to determine whether your diagnosis for Patient 1 is correct!
Why are positive and negative controls important when analyzing patient lab results?
If you were Patient 1’s physician, what would you tell her about the disease agent that caused the illness and how this illness was transmitted? How would this information help her and others around her in the future?
As her doctor, what treatment would you recommend?
Organize your information by category type. You may do this with your partner, but you must document on your own report doc.
Discuss with your partner what disease you think your patient has.
Submit your diagnosis for Patient 1. Do this by going to your teacher and DISCREETLY sharing your diagnosis. The lab has run tests to determine whether your patient was infected with the agent you submitted with your diagnosis. I will give you the laboratory results.
Based on the test results, if your diagnosis was not correct, return to the clues and try again.