Explain how systems of belief and their practices affected society in the period from c. 1200 to 1450.

• Islam, Judaism, Christianity and the core beliefs and practices of these religions continued to shape societies in Africa and Asia.

Explain the causes and effects of the rise of Islamic states over time.

• The Abbasid Caliphate fragmented, new Islamic political entities emerged, most of which were dominated by Turkic people. This demonstrates contnuity, innovation and diversity within Islamic states.

Explain the effects of intellectual innovation in Dar al-Islam.

• Muslim states and empire encouraged significant intellectual innovations and transfers.

• Innovations include:

  • Advances in mathematics (Nasir al-Din al-Tusi - creator of trigonometry)

  • Advances in literature (A'ishah al-Bu'uniyyah - female Sufi writer and poet)

  • Advances in medicine

• Transfers

  • Preservation and commentaries on Greek moral and natural philosophy

  • House of Wisdom (Baghdad)

  • Scholarly and cultural transfers in Muslim and Christian Spain