One of the ways we have done this at Nexus is to teach learners about metacognition, thinking about their own thinking process.
We use classroom displays to ensure that learners are reminded of the important metacognitive questions (see example below).
This links into retrieval practice, as before learners start a learning task they need to think carefully about what experience they have had with the information, task formation, concepts, key words and understandings. Teaching learners to do this themselves means they can retrieve previous information and understandings and apply it to the task they are doing.