Subjunctive v. Indicative v. infinitive

[expert-in-training]

Basic info:

There are three different types of clauses (small sentences within a sentence) that may require a subjunctive verb:

NOUN CLAUSES: Where an entire clause acts as a noun / direct object

The teacher wants the students to bring their books to class. (The teacher wants it.)

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: Where an entire clause acts as an adjective that describes the object mentioned in the other part of the sentence

I'm looking for a house that has a huge backyard. (Everything in bold is describing the house I seek like an adjective.)

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES: Where an entire clause acts as an adverb that describes manner, place, time, frequency, certainty, or other circumstances of the activity

I will finish watching "Avengers: Endgame" as soon as I'm done with my homework. (Everything in bold is describing WHEN I will do the previously mentioned verb like an adverb.)

WEIRDO INTROS

Wants + Wishes

Esperar que

[to hope]

Querer que

[to want]

Preferir que

[to prefer]

Rogar que

[to beg]

Emotions

Alegrarse de que

[to be happy]

Estar orgulloso de que

[to be proud]

Estar + (sentimiento) que

[to be (feeling)]

Preocuparse que

[to worry]

Sentir que

[to feel]

Temer que

[to fear]

Tener celos de que

[to be jealous]

Tener miedo de que

[to be afraid]

Impersonal expressions

Hace falta que

[It's necessary / imperative]

Ser bueno / malo que

[To be good / bad]

Ser importante que

[To be important]

Ser una lástima que

[To be a shame]

Ser mejor / peor que

[To be better / worse]

Ser necesario que

[To be necessary]

Ser probable que

[To be probable / likely]

Ser urgente que

[To be urgent]

Recommendations

Aconsejar que

[To advise]

Exigir que

[To demand]

Insistir que

[To insist]

Mandar que

[To command]

Necesitar que

[To need]

Pedir que

[To ask]

Proponer que

[To propose]

Recomendar que

[To recommend]

Sugerir que

[To suggest]

Doubt + Denial

Dudar que

[To doubt]

Negar que

[To deny]

No creer que

[To not believe]

No estar seguro/a de que

[To not be sure / certain]

No pensar que

[To not think]

No ser cierto que

[To not be true]

No ser verdad que

[To not be true]

Ser dudoso que

[To be doubtful]

Ojala que

[Literally --> God willing][Commonly --> Hopefully]

INTROS

CERTAINTY (opposite of "Doubt/Denial" intros from WEIRDO)

Creer que

[to believe]

Estar seguro/a que

[to be sure]

No dudar que

[to NOT doubt]

No negar que

[to NOT deny]

No ser dudoso

[to NOT be doubtful]

Pensar que

[to think]

Ser cierto que

[to be true]

Ser verdad que

[to be true]

OBSERVABLE TRUTHS (facts taken in by the senses)

Decir que

[to say / tell]

Leer que

[to read]

Oír que

[to hear]

Ver que

[to see]

Examples

We don’t know if the object we seek exists

Ella quiere tener un esposo que sea cómico como Dave Grohl.

[We don't know if such a person exists --> uncertainty]

*This is often seen in questions*

¿Hay un restaurante cercano que tenga arroz con pollo?

[We don't know if such a restaurant exists --> uncertainty]

We don’t have a specific one in mind

Necesito un libro que tenga información sobre Cuba.

[We don't have a specific one in mind--any book about Cuba will do]

We deny the existence of something

Nadie

[nobody]

Ningún ___ / Ninguno/a ____ (de)

[any / none (of) ____]

No hay nadie

[there isn't anybody]

En mi familia, no hay nadie que apoye al candidato conservador.

[Denying the existence of such a person]

examples

We have a specific one in mind

Necesito el libro que tiene información sobre Cuba.

["I need THE BOOK..." We have a very specific one in mind]

We know the object exists

*Look for verbs like tener and hay/había"

Ella tiene un esposo que es cómico como Dave Grohl.

[We know person exists..."She HAS a husband..." --> certainty]

E-S-C-A-P-A

En caso de que

[in case]

Sin que

[without / unless]

Con tal de que

[provided that]

A menos que

[unless]

Para que

[so that / in order that]

Antes de que

[before]

Subj/Ind/Inf - presente y pasado.webm

[Document used in walkthrough, p. 1]