Maslow Hierarchy of Needs

Key thinkers in this area:

Abraham Maslow (1908 –1970)

Carl Rogers (1902 –1987)

Teaching strategies that are linked to Maslow

The theory suggests that individuals seek to fulfill lower-level needs before progressing to higher-level needs. In the context of education, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs can be applied in several ways:

• Basic needs must be met for effective learning: Before learners can focus on academic pursuits, their basic physiological and safety needs must be addressed. Colleges and educational institutions should ensure that learners have access to nutritious food, a safe environment, and any necessary support services.

• Creating a supportive and inclusive learning environment: The need for love and belongingness is addressed through creating a positive and inclusive college culture. Building strong teacher-learners relationships, promoting teamwork, and fostering a sense of community can contribute to meeting these social needs.

• Recognition and encouragement: As learners progress, their esteem needs become more pronounced. Teachers can support this by providing positive reinforcement, acknowledging achievements, and encouraging a growth mindset. Learners who feel recognised and valued are more likely to be motivated and engaged in the learning process.

• Encouraging personal growth and self-discovery: Self-actualization needs involve realising one's potential and pursuing personal growth. In an educational context, this may involve offering a variety of learning opportunities, encouraging creativity, and providing choices that allow learners to explore their interests and passions.

Teachers can use Maslow's framework to understand the holistic needs of their students and create environments that support well-rounded development, facilitating both academic success and personal growth.