CHAPTER NINE

Chapter 9: DATA COLLECTION AND PRESENTATION

Learning objectives

By the end of this topic, the learners should be able to

• Understand the differences between types of data

• Collect simple data from the local environment using tally chart

• Represent data using bar chart,pie chart and line graphs

• Interpret represented data

In this topic, you will learn different types of data, data collection methods, presentation and analysis.

9.1 Types of Data

The term data refers to groups of information that represent the qualitative or quantitative attributes of a variable or set of variables. There are two main types of data:

• Qualitative data

• Quantitative data

• Qualitative data is data that is not given numerically and is used to characterize objects or observations.

Qualitative observations relate to qualities and involve descriptions of how something looks, feels, smells, taste, texture, colour. For example, the car is yellow, the fumes are pungent, the leaf is smooth.

Qualitative observations are often subjective. That is, they can be interpreted dierently by dierent people. For example, you might describe the colour of a stone or the sound of a bird quite dierently to someone else.

Other examples include favourite colour, place of birth, favourite food, type of car.

• Quantitative data is numerical and can be counted, quantied,measured and mathematically analyzed.

They can be described with numerical values and units of measurement, and include things like mass, temperature or speed. For example, the dog weighs 16.5 kg, the air temperature is 16°C, the train is travelling at 80m/s.

Quantitative observations are objective. That is, different people should make the

same observation. For example, if you measured the height of the classroom door, you should get the same answer (or a very similar answer) as someone else in your class.

There are two types of quantitative data:

Discrete data can only take specific numeric values e. g. shoe size, number of brothers, number of cars in a car park.

Continuous data can take any numerical value e.g. height, mass, length, temperature

EXAMPLE

Identify which of the following terms best describes each of the information by coloring. Give reason for your response

• Age is discrete quantitative, because it is given as a whole number.

• Temperature is Continuous quantitative ,because it can take any value and is measurable with units

9.1 Exercise Set

1. State whether each of the following variables is qualitative, discrete or continuous.

(a) the number of goals scored in Premier league soccer matches on a Saturday

(b) the colour of children's eyes in a class

(c) the circumference of apples collected from a tree

(d) the type of vehicle seen on a road at rush hour.

(e) Tr stephen's phone number

2. Which of the following would give

• qualitative data

• discrète quantitative data

• continuous quantitative data

(a) Favourite football team

(b) Colour of car

(c) Price of chocolate bars

(d) Amount of pocket money

(e) Distance from home to school

(f) Number of sweets in a jar

(g) Number of pets

(h) Mass of crisps in a packet.

(i) Number of cars

(j) Weight

3. Mr Kaziba starts to make a database for his lesson.

(a) What is missing from Mr Kaziba's database?

(b) Which columns in the database contain quantitative data?

(c) Which columns in the database contain qualitative data?

(d) Write down what Mr kaziba would put in his database if you joined his class.

4. The table below shows a database that has no entries.

(a) Collect data from 10 of your classmates to complete the data base. State whether each column contains:

• qualitative data.

• continuous quantitative data.

• or discrete quantitative data.

(b) Answer the following questions:

(i) What is the most popular TV show?

(ii) Who is the oldest?

(iii) What is the favourite sports for the youngest person?

(iv) What is the favourite subject for the oldest person?

(v) What is the favourite color for the youngest person?

(c) Write 3 more questions you could answer using your database and write the answers to them.

9.2 Collecting Data

In this section, you will learn how data is collected, organized and interpreted, using a tally chart and then displayed using:

• Pictograms

• Bar charts

• Line graph

• Piecharts

Activity :

Identify the means of transport each learner uses to come to school.

• Identify how many of you in class use the same means of transport.

• Which means of transport is used by the majority?

• Which one is the least used means of transport?

EXAMPLE

1. The learners in a class were asked there Favourite science subjects.

Illustrate this data using:

• A pictogram

• Bar chart(graph)

• Line graph

• Pie chart

(a) A pictogram

A pictogram is a simple way to organise data in which each object is represented by a picture of itself.

NOTE: You can have a scale when representing a pictogram

(b) A bar chart

A bar chart or bar graph is a chart or graph that presents categorical data with rectangular bars with heights or lengths proportional to the values that they represent.

(c) Line graph A line graph displays data that changes continuously over periods of time.

(d) A pie chart

A pie chart is a circular statistical graphic, which is divided into slices to illustrate

numerical proportion. In a pie chart, the arc length of each slice, is proportional to the quantity it represents.

To illustrate the data with a pie chart, You need to first nd out the angle for each

learner.

From the data we can see that:

• The Favourite subject for the learners is Mathematics. (This is called the mode.)

• The least liked subject is chemistry.

2. Students at Masaka sss were asked how they travel to school. The findings were summarized in the tally chart below.

Illustrate this data using:

(a) A pictogram (b) Bar chart(graph) (c) Pie chart

(a) Pictogram

NOTE: Each picture represents 2 students, and half represents 1 student.

(b) Bar graph

(c) Pie chart

9.3 Hypothesis

A hypothesis is a prediction based on an observation. OR an hypothesis is an idea that you want to investigate to see if it is true or false. For example, you might think that most people in your school get there by bus. You could investigate this using a survey. A tally chart can be used to record your data. During Interpreting Results and Making Conclusions, an hypothesis can either be accepted or rejected basing on the observations made.

Activity : Testing an hypothesis

"More students in my class love mathematics than any other subject."

• Collect data to test this hypothesis.

• Present your data on a tally chart.

• Represent your findings using a pie chart

• Was the original hypothesis correct?

HINT: In the survey , make a survey form and ask your classmates their opinions. A table can have two columns as below

9.2 Exercise Set

1. The pictogram shows the number of customers who take cup cakes in a week.

(a) How many customers took cupcakes on thursday

(b) How many customers took cupcakes on tuesday

(c) How many more customers took cupcakes on monday than friday

(d) How many customers were included in the survey

(e) Represent the information above on a bar chart

(f) What is the mode?

2. The students of senior one at Taibah international school were asked to give the clubs they

support in the english premier league.The results are given in the tally chart below:

(a) Copy and complete the table by lling in the frequencies.

(b) Represent the data on a bar chart.

(c) Draw a pictogram for this data.

(d) Which club has the highest number of supporters.

(e) Copy and complete the following table and draw a pie chart

3. On a particular day 40 new active cases for covid 19 were discovered and the Patients were admitted to different hospitals as shown below.

(a) Which hospital admitted the highest number of patients

(b) What is the mode

(c) Represent the above information on a bar chart and on a pie chart

4. The total number of goals scored in each of the Premier League matches one Saturday were:

(a) Illustrate these data on a pie chart.

(b) Which number of goals was the most common?

5. A school conducted a survey to know the favourite sports of the students. The table below

shows the results of this survey.

(a) Draw a bar graph representing the sports and the total number of students.

(b) Calculate the range of the graph.

(c) Which sport is the most preferred one?

(d) What is the mode?

6. Do you think Novida and Fanta will be the most popular soft drinks in your class?

(a) Carry out a favourite soft drink survey for your class. Present the results in a bar chart

and state which avour is the mode.

(b) Was your hypothesis correct?

7. A survey was carried out at the bank of uganda. State whether each of the following variables

is discrete or continuous.

(a) The number of people entering the bank per hour.

(b) The time it takes to serve each person by the cashier.

(c) The number of people creating bank accounts.

(d) The total amount paid by each customer.

8. Complete the table by naming the type of data formed by each of the stated measurements.

The rst one has been completed for you.

9. Most children in my class are from western uganda.

(a) Collect data to test this hypothesis.

(b) Present your data in a suitable diagram.

(c) Was the original hypothesis correct?

10. In term one students complained about the high rate of theft of the students properties.

The security guard then ran a high prole campaign encouraging students to improve their personal security.

(a) State a hypothesis that should be investigated to test the effectiveness of their campaign.

(b) Collect suitable data from your class.

(c) Present your data using a suitable diagram.

(d) Was the hypothesis correct?

11. Alexadra nds out the favourite sports for members of her class. She works out the angles in the list shown below for a pie chart. Draw the pie chart.

12. The pupils in Mr Stephen's class take a maths test and get scores out of 10, which are listed below: