The Present Perfect Simple expresses an action that is still going on or that stopped recently, but has an influence on the present. It puts emphasis on the result.
PositiveNegativeQuestion
*I / you / we / they
I have spoken. I have not spoken. Have I spoken?
*he / she / it
He has spoken. He has not spoken. Has he spoken?
For irregular verbs, use the participle form (see list of irregular verbs, 3rd column). For regular verbs, just add “ed”.
already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now
V1 - Infinitive | V2 - Past Simple | V3 - Past Participle
eat - ate - eaten
drink - drank - drunk
go- went - gone
take - took - taken
begin - began - begun
give - gave - given
know - knew - known
speak - spoke - spoken
have - had - had
be - was/were - been
sing - sang - sung
More exercises with the irregular verbs: Level 0 | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Level 4 | Level 5 (all irregular verbs)
Certain time in the past or just / already / yet: Exercise 1, Exercise 2
Certain event in the past or how often so far: : Exercise 3, Exercise 4
Emphasis on action or result: Exercise 5, Exercise 6
Mix: Exercise 7, Exercise 08
Exercise on the text Grand Canyon
Exercise on the text Edinburgh