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Introduction
Introduction
Living in the 21st century means living in the sixth mass extinction event, and yet it seems like people are just living on like they normally would. Many of my neighbors still water their lawns with excessive amounts of water and continue to use poisonous chemicals to kill any “weeds” that interrupt the perfect layer of short cut grass that coats their land. Unfortunately these types of people are not the exception in Walker, Michigan in fact many still will not even accept the idea of climate change being a possibility. In this article I will address why people feel this way and how the worsening effects of climate change in areas like Walker will have a shift in the political stances of the citizens residing there.
Literature Review
Literature Review
Consequences of Political Polarization in the United States
Consequences of Political Polarization in the United States
The Effect of Polarization by party lines in the United States has turned the issue of Climate Change from a large overarching problem into a single party issue, where Republicans have completely denied that Climate Change is even real rather than an issue that could destroy the planet as we know it.
Effect of News Coverage
Effect of News Coverage
Depending on what news outlet Residents rely on can have a dramatic impact on opinions on Climate Change. A resident who regularly watches news that does not report on Climate issues will likely believe that it is less of a problem compared to a resident that keeps up to date with Climate Change. Media consumption also has effects on political stances.
Repercussions of Consumerism
Repercussions of Consumerism
The very crux of our system relies upon trading goods for currency, this directly conflicts with Environmental Preservation. Our system pushes people to rely on comfort, convenience and quantity of purchasable items. America's search to maximize these areas has torn people from the land to rely on the system instead.
Theoretical Framework: Norm Activation Model
Theoretical Framework: Norm Activation Model
This model essentially predicts a person’s behavior based on the differing factors on the left. These factors then determine someone’s personal norms and will therefore affect and drive their behavior.
Awareness of Consequences is a subject's ability to see negative outcomes before taking an action.
Need Awareness is that person’s sense of essential objects needed to survive.
A subject’s Situational Responsibility is the believed part they played in a certain event.
Efficacy is the person’s ability to produce a result favorable to themselves.
Ability is their role in the world and what they can and cannot accomplish.
Denial of Responsibility is a subject’s feelings of non participation in a task or objective.
Research Question:
Research Question:
Does the effect of climate change on Walker Michigan have repercussions on the political opinions of its residents?
Does the effect of climate change on Walker Michigan have repercussions on the political opinions of its residents?
Determining whether residents of Walker Michigan are aware of Climate Change is a big part of this question. Obviously if a resident does not believe Climate Change is a threat, their political opinion will not change. Another part of the question is trying to find out how important a factor Climate Change is in people's lives, this will be reflected on their respective political spectrum.
References
References
McCright Aaron, Xiao Chenyang, Dunlap Riley, (2014). Political polarization on support for government spending on environmental protection in the USA, 1974–2012. ScienceDirect. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049089X1400132X?via%3Dihub
McCright Aaron, Xiao Chenyang, Dunlap Riley, (2014). Political polarization on support for government spending on environmental protection in the USA, 1974–2012. ScienceDirect. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049089X1400132X?via%3Dihub
Birch Sarah, (2019). Political polarization and environmental attitudes: a cross-national analysis. 29, (4). Taylor & Francis. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2019.1673997#abstract
Leach Stefan, Kitchin Andrew, Sutton Robbie, (2023). Word embeddings reveal growing moral concern for people, animals and the environment. 62, (4). The British Psychological Society. https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/bjso.12663
Leach Stefan, Kitchin Andrew, Sutton Robbie, (2023). Word embeddings reveal growing moral concern for people, animals and the environment. 62, (4). The British Psychological Society. https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/bjso.12663
Boykoff Maxwell, Boykoff Jules, (2007). Climate change and journalistic norms: A case-study of US mass-media coverage. 38, (6). ScienceDirect. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016718507000188?via%3Dihub
Boykoff Maxwell, Boykoff Jules, (2007). Climate change and journalistic norms: A case-study of US mass-media coverage. 38, (6). ScienceDirect. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016718507000188?via%3Dihub
Lorenzoni Irene, Pidgeon Nick, (2005). PUBLIC VIEWS ON CLIMATE CHANGE: EUROPEAN AND USA PERSPECTIVES. Centre for Environmental Risk and Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research.
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10584-006-9072-z.pdf
Jacques Peter, Dunlap Riley, Freeman Mark, (2008). The organisation of denial: Conservative think tanks and environmental scepticism. Routledge.
Fawzi Nayla, (2021). Concepts, causes and consequences of trust in news media – a literature review and framework. Taylor & Francis.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23808985.2021.1960181#abstract
Panizzut Nina, (2021). Exploring relationship between environmentalism and consumerism in a market economy society: A structured systematic literature review. ScienceDirect.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666790821000070
Ali Abbas, Wisniesk Joette, (2010). Consumerism and ethical attitudes: an empirical study. Emerald Publishing.
Accetti Carlo, (2021). Repoliticizing Environmentalism: Beyond Technocracy and Populism. Taylor & Francis.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08913811.2021.1908023#abstract
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