Sicilia #conSenso:

Making Peace with Our Bodies by Teaching Consent

by Alice Bruno

Background and Context

 I was born and raised in Sicily, a beautiful island in the Mediterranean where breathtaking landscapes meet poverty, heavy cultural stigmas, and taboos. Since Italy is one of the 7 European countries that have yet to mandate a Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) curriculum in schools, each region within the country is responsible for the implementation (or lack thereof) of a sex-education curriculum. Growing up in the Italian region with the highest incidence of absolute poverty meant that the chronic lack of resources converged with conservative beliefs about sexuality, resulting in a lack of sex education curricula in schools. Not having access to reliable information about sexual and reproductive health led me to fear my body and, with it, my own self. Unfortunately, my experience is a shared reality in Sicily. 

In Italy, sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is handled by “consultori” - offices comparable to Planned Parenthood. According to national standards, each region should have 1 consultorio per 20.000 inhabitants. Sicily lags behind, with an estimated regional trend of 1 consultorio per 27.000 inhabitants. Since the few existing consultori lack economic and internal resources, they can only reach 2% of the adolescent population. Due to the scarce resources available through education and planned parenthood, it is then not surprising that in 2019 Sicily recorded the fourth-highest HIV incidence in the country and that cases of Syphilis nearly tripled between 2011 and 2016. The scarce data available highlights abysmal public health surveillance and monitoring.





Pictured above, a Sicilian landscape. Below, a "consultorio", – the infrastructure supposed to handle SRH.

Community Partner

 Founded in 2014, Maghweb is a Sicilian non-profit organization that seeks to promote social change through education and communication. Thanks to projects like Palermo è Fimmina” ( “Palermo is a Woman”) and Non è un Veleno (“It is not Poison”), Maghweb is a reliable source of SRH information among young Sicilians. While Maghweb has attempted to raise awareness on SRH through schools, these institutions have been difficult to reach and reluctant to collaborate. When asked how the Davis Project for Peace could support their efforts, Maghweb said they hoped to train a cohort of Sicilian sex educators to fill the knowledge gap left by schools and consultori. Until now, the economic and internal capacity necessary to bring experts and trainers to Sicily had rendered the project not feasible. 

The Maghweb team and I at work during the intial stages of project planning.

Project Aim and Objectives

This project aimed to improve sexual health outcomes in Sicily by enhancing the availability of and access to SRH information among young Sicilians. It was distinct from other sex-education boot camps in two ways: first, it targeted educators. By equipping 30 local youth workers and teachers with training on adolescent SRH, it intended to improve long-term access to education instead of focusing on a single cohort. Recent studies suggest that this approach can effectively help young people achieve better health outcomes and maintain healthy behaviors. Second, it was designed with a culturally sensitive approach in mind. SRH programming has demonstrated improved health outcomes when complemented by community building and attention to local norms and practices. Maghweb and I used our contextual knowledge to design a curriculum that addresses stigmas and barriers unique to Sicily. Alongside an intensive training seminar, the project entailed the creation of a digital campaign shared across Maghweb’s social media platforms. In doing so, we hope to keep communicating with our youth about their SRH needs to gain insight on how to better train the adults.

Peacebuilding and Long-term Sustainability

Just in 2021, 10% of all femicides in Italy took place in Sicily. This project hoped to contribute to long-term peace in Sicily by helping to mitigate the soaring rates of sexual coercion, gender-based violence, and intimate partner violence. We expect that more consistent access to sexual health education will lead to a decrease in dating violence and intimate partner violence, as well as promote positive attitudes toward relationships and human sexuality. This project is just the first step to building a Sicily that is both free from violence and conducive to physical, emotional, and sexual well-being. 



Report and Lessons Learned

I. "Sicilia #conSenso": The Digital Campaign

A snapshot of the graphics of the digital campaign shared on Instagram. 

When designing the project, we thought of the digital campaign as a means to assess the needs of the Sicilian youth. We hoped that, through their engagement with the campaign’s posts, we would be able to get a clearer picture of the youth’s interests as well as the biggest knowledge gaps. We thus began by administering a survey through Maghweb’s (the partner organization) social media platform asking users what they would like to see covered in the campaign. The topics mentioned included: anatomy of the vulva, STIs/STDs, body image, virginity, and porn/industry/revenge porn. Armed with the insights we gathered, the Maghweb team and I came up with the following themes/plan for the campaign’s posts: Organsm Gap (as it relates to body awareness and empowerment), Masturbation (tied to body image and awareness), Digital Intimacies (including revenge porn), Contraception and STI/STD prevention, and Anatomy of the vulva. Our campaign was specifically designed with a young audience in mind and hence had a “pop” style, with bright colors and eye-catching graphics. When writing the content for our post, we worked with a culturally-sensitive approach in mind and referenced specific Sicilian cultural contexts. For example, the post on the anatomy of the vulva started by naming all the Sicilian words that we use to avoid calling vulvas by their name. Overall, we were very satisfied with the post-engagement and interactions we received from the public. Our most “loved” post was the one on the orgasm gap, which reached 2.065 profiles. Interactions with posts fluctuated, especially as the project progressed into the summer and – as expected – engagement went slightly down. The campaign received positive feedback throughout, with one user noting that they were “happy to have finally found a comprehensive source that talked about the transmission of STIs during oral sex”. 


II. "Meglio del Porno": The Training

Youth workers, teachers, and staff at the end of the two-day training. 

We envisioned this part of the project as our long-term contribution to sustainable peace. We asked ourselves: how can we contribute to making Sicily free from intimate-partner violence and conducive to physical, emotional, and sexual well-being? We discussed ideas, and at the end of our meeting we had no doubt: educators would be our best allies in this mission. They work with youth across different generations, and they have the capacity to keep engaging with young people beyond scope of our project. We hence planned a two-day, intensive training on sexual education methodologies. We contacted a sex-education expert and, together, we came up with a curriculum for the two days. During the first day, we thought it was important to start with a general primer on sex education to make sure that all group members were on the same page about some key topics such as gender, identity, consent, and the meaning of “comprehensive sex education”. Our focus was, however, on the methodology piece. We wanted to equip educators with concrete tools to feel comfortable in using their knowledge of SRH to engage with young people. Besides the theoretical introduction at the beginning of the two days, the training then revolved around workshops. Some of the activities included a consent-role play, a simulation on stereotypes, and a workshop on gender/LGBTQI+ discrimination. It was heartwarming to see that, during the activities, the educators often turned to each other to announce excitedly: “this activity would be perfect for my students!” or  “I can’t wait to propose the same activity to the group I’m working with right now!”. 


At the end of the training, we asked our participants if they thought the tools they learned would be helpful in their future work. We gave them a ranking that went from “absolutely disagree” to “absolutely agree”: 57% of respondents said they “agreed”, and 43% “absolutely agreed”. Among the feedback received, a pattern stands out: the majority of the participants reported having had an opportunity to challenge and interrogate themselves about their own experience with SRH and reflect on how this has an impact on their job as educators. A participant said: “interrogating myself about my own messages about sex education showed me that self-awareness needs to be a key component of my pedagogy”. All participants also expressed a desire to continue engaging with the topic and nurturing the enriching relationships that emerged during the training. For this reason, we created a shared document where everyone can share information and resources about SRH. This “living” document is, in many ways, a testament to the legacy of the project: we hoped to make a first step to bring together our educators and support their work with some tools to help them promote better attitudes towards SRH. What truly happened, though, was much more: the participants developed an incredible connection. Throughout the two days, they shared hopes, vulnerabilities, ideals, and experiences. In the end, we witnessed the creation of a powerful network of change-makers willing to continue supporting each other in the common mission of building a more peaceful Sicily. We are very grateful to “Projects for Peace” for providing the opportunity to create the fertile ground for this allyship to emerge. We trust that our youth is in great hands with these educators and hope that the tools they during this training will complement their amazing work. In 6 months, we will administer another survey to ask how their work is going and whether they are finding a use for what they learned during the two days. We can not wait to hear about the wonderful things that we are sure they will have done. 




References

Goldfarb, E. S., & Lieberman, L. D. (2021). Three Decades of Research: The Case for Comprehensive Sex Education. The

Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 68(1), 13–27.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.07.036

Ine Vanwesenbeeck, Ilse Flink, Miranda van Reeuwijk & Judith Westeneng (2019) Not by CSE alone… Furthering

reflections on international cooperation in sex education, Sex Education, 19:3, 297-312, DOI:

10.1080/14681811.2018.1530650

Istat. (2019). La povertà in Italia. https://www.istat.it/it/files/2020/06/REPORT_POVERTA_2019.pdf

La Repubblica. (2021). Violenza sulle Donne, in Sicilia i Casi Aumentano ma la Regione è Inerte.

 Ministero della Salute. (2008). Organizzazione e Attività dei Consultori Familiari Pubblici in Italia.; Regione Siciliana. 

Notiziario dell’Istituto Superiore della Sanità. (2019). Aggiornamento delle Nuove Diagnosi di Infezione da HIV e dei 

adi di AIDS in Italia al 31 Dicembre 2019

 Regione Siciliana. (2019). Malattie Sessuali.

Szucs, L. E., Andrzejewski, J. D., Robin, L., Telljohann, S., Pitt Barnes, S., & Hunt, P. (2021). The Health Education

Teacher Instructional Competency Framework: A Conceptual Guide for Quality Instruction in School Health.

The Journal of school health, 91(10), 774–787.

Alice Bruno

Alice is a mixed-methods researcher striving to advance evidence-based interventions and policies geared toward improving community and global health.


At Macalester, she is a Political Science major, Computer Science minor, and Community and Global Health. Outside of class, her efforts to advocate for sexual and reproductive health and gender equity have led her to be a Davis Projects for Peace Fellowship recipient and FORA delegate. 


After graduating, she will be pursuing a Master's of Public Health in Health and Social Behavior at UC Berkeley.