A citation indicates the sources in the text at point of use, usually just naming the creator. A reference provides full details that then enable another person to locate each source. A bibliography is a comprehensive list of all the sources the author consulted or read when researching or preparing their work, not just the sources they directly cited.

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Effective citing and referencing

The author of a piece of academic work must acknowledge any sources and influences that have been used in any way and are not their own. The aim is for authors to demonstrate their integrity while also being helpful to the audience.

In written work where an external source has been used, a citation must be included at the point of use. The inclusion of a reference at the end of the paper is not enough. The citation in a text should link to a full reference that will enable the exact material used to be traced.

Anything that could mislead, such as attribution to the wrong author or publication or the invention of a quotation, could, in work submitted for assessment, lead to an academic integrity investigation.

AI Guidelines from the IBO

“The goal of academic integrity is to make knowledge, understanding, and thinking transparent. All students must understand how to correctly reference and ethically use any external information in their work, including any text or images obtained from AI tools.

In any type of work where an external source has been used, a citation must be included at the point of use in the body of the work. The inclusion of a reference at the end in a bibliography is not sufficient. The citation at the point of use in the work must link to a full reference in the bibliography. The reader of the work must clearly be able to distinguish between the words of the student and the words of others.

For the IB, transparency is the key and we expect students to give full credit to any source/material they have used when writing/creating their own work.

Students should be clear that if they use the text (or any other product) produced by an AI tool—be that by copying or paraphrasing that text or modifying an image—they must clearly reference it in the body of their work and add the reference in the bibliography.

The in-text citation should contain quotation marks using the referencing style already in use by the school, for example: “the development of the tools and variables required for………” (text taken/paraphrased from ChatGPT, 2023).

The reference in the bibliography should also contain the prompt given to the AI tool and the date it generated the text, for example: OpenAI. (23 February 2023). ChatGPT response to a XXX prompt about ZZZ topic."

MyBib is fast, has zero ads, and no time limits. It offers a browser extension with in-text citations and credibility indicators.

EasyBib offers a free version with limited access to features, including writing style suggestions, plagiarism checks, and accurate citation creator.

Mendeley offers a free reference management software that allows users to organize and manage their references, including a unique Literature Search feature that allows users to search Mendeley's catalogue of saved papers and add them to their own library.