Embedded Files
Lesson Objectives
Lesson Objectives
Syllabus Statements:
Understandings
The genome is the whole of the genetic information of an organism
The entire base sequence of human genes was sequenced in the Human Genome Project
Application and Skills
Use of a database to determine differences in the base sequence of a gene in two species
Comparison of genome size in T2 phage, Eschirichia coli, Drosophila melanogaster, Homo sapiens, Paris japonica
Comparison of the number of genes in humans with other species
Comparison of diploid chromosome numbers of Homo sapiens, Pan troglodytes, Canis familiaris, Oryza sativa, Parascarsis equorum
Use of a database to determine differences in the base sequence of a gene in two species
Cairns’ technique for measuring the length of DNA molecules by autoradiography
Activites
Activites
Activity 1 - Pre-notes for Lesson
General Overview:
The next lesson will look at the relationships between DNA and other organisms. The focus will be on comparing genomes, chromosomes, and genes across different species. These species include; T2 Phage (a virus), E.Coli (Eschirichia coli), fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster), Humans (Homo sapiens), Canopy Plant (Paris japonica), Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), Dog (Canis familiaris), Rice (Oryza sativa), Roundworm (Parascarsis equorum). The comparisons will be done using databases. This allows for scientists to look at evolutionary relationships between organisms. Finally, we will look at the Cairn's technique which is a technique that allows us to measure the size of DNA molecules.
Expectations:
a. You should have a table with the following:
Genome size and chromosome numbers for:
Genome size: T2 Phage (a virus), E.Coli (Eschirichia coli), fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster),
Chromosome numbers: Humans (Homo sapiens), Canopy Plant (Paris japonica), Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), Dog (Canis Lupus familiaris), Rice (Oryza sativa), Roundworm (Parascarsis equorum)
How to find the chromosomes number: How to video
b. Notes on genome, human genome project and the Cairn's technique.
Menus:
Video:
Cairn's technique - watch the video or do the reading below
Reading:
Cairn's technique - InThinking - Activity 3
Bioninjia - Genome Comparisons
Edinformatics - Biology
Activity 2 -Human Genome Project
Click here for a video
Comment on: Goals, Technology innovations, Benefits
Activity 3 - Databases
Look up one of these genes
COX1 – Cytochrome oxidase 1 gene
F8 – Coagulation factor VIII gene
IGF1R – Insulin growth factor 1 receptor gene
Follow these directions:
Effects of changes in the Genetic Code:
Hemophilla
Is a mutation in the HBB gene
This can be the result of base pair mutations
Below is the text file of the two versions of the HBB gene. These are the template strands of the DNA.
Your task is to figure out:
1. the change in the DNA sequence of the Normal allele to HBB (hemoglobin allele). Using the Clustal Gene Alignment page.
2. the mRNA sequence the Normal allele to HBB (hemoglobin allele)
3. the resulting change in the amino acid sequence in the Normal allele to HBB. Go one codon past the mutation Use the information below:
Activity 4 - Cairn's Technique
1. Review how prokaryotic organisms reproduce
2. Review how DNA replication occurs in eukaryotic organisms
3. Apply Cairn's technique to DNA replication
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