General Overview:
Genetic modification is changing the DNA sequence in organisms. This usually involves transferring a gene from one organism to another. This is done using a number of enzymes, the two most important being restriction endonucleases and DNA ligases. These both allow use to "cut and paste" DNA. The process works well with bacteria and plants. However, the process is not as effective in animals and new technology is being developed to do this (cRisper-CAS9 if you are interested). We will look at the process and the potential concerns about genetically modified crops.
Syllabus Statements:
Content
Genetic modification is carried out by gene transfer between species
Gene transfer in bacteria using plasmids makes use of restriction endonucleases and DNA ligases
Skills and Applications
Production of human insulin in bacteria as an example of the universality of the genetic code allowing gene transfer between species.
Assessment of potential risks and benefits associated with genetic modification of crops
Analysis of data on risks to monarch butterflies of Bt crops
Menus:
Video:
Genetic Engineering Insulin Video - there is no sound
Genetic Engineering Insulin Video -
How Genetic Engineering is done - Animation
Reading:
Assessing the risks of genetically modified crops - read "Food Applications for GM Plants" and "GM Plants and the environment"
Monarch Butterflies and Bt Corn - Please read all of this.
Activity 1 - Pre-Notes
Using the links above, create the following:
- A set of notes on how we can produce genetically engineered bacteria, using insulin as an example.
-A table showing the benefits and potential dangers of GM foods.
-Analyze data to see if Bt corn is a risk for Monarch butterflies.
Activity 3 - Genetic Engineering Video