Spectrum communications

The communications infrastructure is linked to the spaceship

The spaceship can deploy space satellites while mapping star systems 

Types of satellites

Astrometrics

Planetary mapping

GPS Satellites

Telecom cellular satellites

Internet satellites

Bluetooth satellites

Weather satellites

Telescope satellites

Networking

Evolution of Ethernet 

1983 - 10 mbps

1995 - 100 mbps

1998 - 1 gbps

2002 - 10 Gbps

2010 - 40/100 Gbps based on 10 Gbps 

2016 - 25 Gbps

2017 - 200/400 Gbps based on 50 Gbps 

2021 - 800 Gbps, 1 Tbps, 1.6 Tbps, 6.4 Tbps, 10 Tbps modulated at 100 Gbps

WiFi 

802.11b "Wi-Fi 1" (unofficial) 1999 11Mbps 2.4GHz

802.11a "Wi-Fi 2" (unofficial) 1999 54Mbps 5GHz

802.11g "Wi-Fi 3" (unofficial) 2003 54Mbps 2.4GHz

802.11n Wi-Fi 4 2009 600Mbps 2.4GHz and 5GHz

802.11ac Wi-Fi 5 2013 3.46Gbps 5GHz

802.11ax Wi-Fi 6 2019 10.53Gbps 2.4GHz and 5GHz

802.11ax Wi-Fi 6E 2020 10.53Gbps 2.4GHz, 5GHz, 6GHz

802.11be Wi-Fi 7 2024 (expected) 40Gbps 2.4GHz, 5GHz, 6GHz

Wireless

5G: Peak speeds of up to 20 Gbps under ideal conditions, with average speeds significantly lower in practical, real-world deployments.

6G: Expected to achieve peak speeds beyond 100 Gbps in testing, setting new benchmarks for what is possible in wireless data transfer.

• Wifi 7 speed is 46 Gbps, radio spectrum communication. Wi-Fi Alliance Introduces Wi-Fi CERTIFIED 7. Maximum speeds with a typical mobile phone with WiFi 7 can reach up to 5Gbps

• Wi-Fi 8: 802.11bn aims to deliver 10 Gbps throughput with realistic clients by 2028.

• Wi-Fi HaLow is marketed as having a range of 1 km; however, our testing revealed an even higher observed capability. In line-of-sight tests, we reached 3 km for data communication and over 600 meters (m) for HD-quality video transmission with Wi-Fi HaLow. Wi-Fi Test Breaks Record With Amazing Range Of Over 1.8 Miles.

• LoRaWAN is a current leader in wide-area coverage with a distance record of 766 kilometers (km), or about 476 miles (mi).

• Wi-SUN is short for Wireless Smart Utility Network, a newer communication standard formulated in recent years. The Wi-SUN Alliance was established in 2012, and standardization based on IEEE802.15.4g is currently underway.

• WiGig, alternatively known as 60 GHz Wi-Fi, refers to a set of 60 GHz wireless network protocols. It includes the current IEEE 802.11ad standard and also the IEEE 802.11ay standard. The WiGig specification allows devices to communicate without wires at multi-gigabit speeds.

• Lifi speed is 224 Gbps, light spectrum communication. IEEE finally brings Li-Fi wireless internet standard 802.11bb

• Laser Space optical communications is at 200 Gbps.

• Wifi Lifi combo satellite phone at 200 Gbps would be cutting edge.

• Terabit Ethernet: The New Hot Trend in Data Centers people refer to Terabit Ethernet (TbE) to Ethernet speeds above 100 Gbps. Although 10GbE and 40GbE are more common, we are already starting to see 100GbE around, especially in large Data Centers and Enterprises.

• “Terabit Ethernet”, characterized by speeds that top 100 Gb/sec. And continuing this momentum in the bandwidth stakes, the 2022 technology roadmap from the Ethernet Alliance has defined speeds of 800 Gb/sec and 1.6 Tbit/sec. Nokia has recently unveiled 800 Gb/sec  IP routers, which are based on the telecom giant’s fifth generation of high-performance IP routing silicon, dubbed FP5.

• Nokia today announced its technology partnership with ESnet and unveiled ESnet6, the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) high performance network dedicated to collaborative scientific research. ESnet has deployed Nokia’s market-leading 7750 Service Router (SR) platforms to provide high-speed 100Gbps and 400 Gbps services over an IP/MPLS network designed to support over 46 Tbps of capacity.

• Most networks are still operating a multitude of 100GE ports, with 400GE on the horizon. Nokia’s trial with Elisa is proving out terabit interfaces today.

• Elisa upgraded some of its Nokia 7950 Extensible Routing System (XRS) nodes with 1T interfaces powered by Nokia’s FP4 chipset, the industry’s first terabit capable routing silicon. The new FP4 terabit linecard supports two 1T ports and demonstrated deployment readiness by carrying live traffic on Elisa’s network. Besides a 10x boost in capacity, terabit links simplify operational complexity and overheads by avoiding the need to distribute terabit flows on high capacity routes over multiple lower rate interfaces in link aggregation groups.

• Engineers Shatter Fiber Optic Speed Record at 22.9 Petabits Per Second. Engineers in Japan have created a single fiber optic cable capable of transmitting data at an astonishing 22.9 petabits per second.