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Physics Essential Standards Covered:
Physics Essential Standards Covered:
Phy.3.1.1
Identify basic principles related to the nature of electrical charge – like charges repel and opposite charges attract; there are two types of electric charge (positive and negative); positively charged objects have an electron deficiency while negatively charged objects have an excess of electrons.
Conclude that charge is conserved in a closed system – since charge is a result of fundamental properties of particles, charge (like atoms) cannot be created nor destroyed.
Phy.3.1.2
Construct diagrams to illustrate electric fields and explain its vector nature -
around single positive and negative charges,
between a pair of like charges,
between a pair of unlike charges,
two oppositely charged parallel plates,
a hollow sphere,
an irregular shaped metal object
Compare the strength of various points in an electric field.
Distinguish between charge distribution on plates and a hollow conducting sphere where no electric field exists inside.
Key Vocabulary:
Key Vocabulary:
Charges
Positive
Negative
Attract
Repel
Opposite
Like
Conservation of Charge
Electric Field
Charge Distribution
Suggested Reading:
Suggested Reading:
Lesson:
Lesson:
Charges! It's what it's all about!
Charges! It's what it's all about!
Protons: Positively charged particles that reside within the nucleus of an atom (heavy too, compared to electrons).
Protons: Positively charged particles that reside within the nucleus of an atom (heavy too, compared to electrons).
Electrons: Negatively charged particles that reside in the electron cloud around the nucleus of an atom (really light compared to protons).
Electrons: Negatively charged particles that reside in the electron cloud around the nucleus of an atom (really light compared to protons).
I love you electron! I love you too proton!
I love you electron! I love you too proton!
Ew! You're the same as me! Get thee hence!
Ew! You're the same as me! Get thee hence!
This attraction and repulsion between charged particles is called electrostatic charge. It is also what is responsible for static electricity.
This attraction and repulsion between charged particles is called electrostatic charge. It is also what is responsible for static electricity.
Electric Field Lines:
Electric Field Lines:
The attraction and repulsion between charged particles creates what is known as an electric field. An electric field is the physical field that surrounds each electric charge and exerts force on all other charges in the field, either attracting or repelling them. Electric fields originate from electric charges, or from time-varying magnetic fields.
The attraction and repulsion between charged particles creates what is known as an electric field. An electric field is the physical field that surrounds each electric charge and exerts force on all other charges in the field, either attracting or repelling them. Electric fields originate from electric charges, or from time-varying magnetic fields.
Electric field vectors point away from positive charges and towards negative charges.
Electric field vectors point away from positive charges and towards negative charges.
Let's check out how the field lines work when particles interact with each other!
Let's check out how the field lines work when particles interact with each other!
Different Types of charged objects will produce different types of looking electric field vectors.
Different Types of charged objects will produce different types of looking electric field vectors.
Pair of Opposite Charges
Pair of Opposite Charges
The field lines point away from the positive charge towards the negative charge, signifying their attraction between charges.
The field lines point away from the positive charge towards the negative charge, signifying their attraction between charges.
Pair of Like Negative Charges
Pair of Like Negative Charges
The negative charges have their field lines pointing towards the negative charges, but you can see that they do not touch between charges because of their repulsion.
The negative charges have their field lines pointing towards the negative charges, but you can see that they do not touch between charges because of their repulsion.
Pair of Like Positive Charges
Pair of Like Positive Charges
The electric field lines point away from the positive charges, but you an see that they do not touch between charges because of their repulsion.
The electric field lines point away from the positive charges, but you an see that they do not touch between charges because of their repulsion.
Two oppositely charged parallel plates
Two oppositely charged parallel plates
Two oppositely charged metal plates, one with only positive charges and one with only negative charges. The field lines are still the same. They go away from the positive plate towards the negative plate.
Two oppositely charged metal plates, one with only positive charges and one with only negative charges. The field lines are still the same. They go away from the positive plate towards the negative plate.
A hollow sphere
A hollow sphere
A positively charged hollow sphere has no electric field inside the hollow portion, because the field lines point outward away from the positively charged sphere.
A positively charged hollow sphere has no electric field inside the hollow portion, because the field lines point outward away from the positively charged sphere.
Irregularly shaped metal object
Irregularly shaped metal object
The charges in an irregularly shaped metal are placed irregularly, so the field lines will reflect this irregularity and be strange looking. However they will still continue to go away from the positive particles and towards the negative particles.
The charges in an irregularly shaped metal are placed irregularly, so the field lines will reflect this irregularity and be strange looking. However they will still continue to go away from the positive particles and towards the negative particles.
Lets Play Hockey!
Lets Play Hockey!
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