Technical English

Introduction

Learning outcome: Students know target Technical English vocabulary, use it in professional life. They are able to understand written text for the unknown topic. With the help of teacher and supplementary means, students accomplish given reading comprehension tasks. They develop their speaking,writing, reading and use of English skills.Technical English worksheets help students to obtain the vocabulary connected to Electric car systems in car.

The course include 8 lessons. Completing the course takes approximately 16 academic hours (1 academic hour = 40 minutes).

•Lesson 1: What is Electric car ?(Duration approx. 80 minutes/2 academic hours)

•Lesson 2 :How Do Electric Cars Work?(Duration approx. 80 minutes/2 academic hours)

•Lesson 3: Electric Car Batteries (Duration approx. 80 minutes/2 academic hours)

•Lesson 4:Electric Car Charging Systems (Duration approx. 80 minutes/2 academic hours)

•Lesson 5:How to Build Your Own Electric Car (Duration approx. 80 minutes/2 academic hours)

•Lesson 6: How an electric motor works in a car? (Duration approx. 80 minutes/2 academic hours)

•Lesson 7: Electric Car Workshop Safety (Duration approx. 80 minutes/2 academic hours)

• Lesson 8: Electric Car Tools and Equipments (Duration approx. 80 minutes/2 academic hours)

All skills are developed: reading, listening, writing and speaking. In addition, students can develop their customer service skills and social interaction.

A Final Test with the Key helps to find out how much the students have learned during the course.

Teacher’s Notes include the Key to exercises, comments and some ideas how to develop the material further. Also advice how to adapt exercises for students with special educational needs is included.

Generally, the reading texts are short which supports the students with reading difficulties and who find concentration on long text difficult.

For Special Education Needs Students: divide the group among students and have them draw a picture about electric car systems. Gather the pictures and put them together as a small dictionary for the topic. This can be done with all the vocabulary of the course.

The following links may be beneficial. In some cases people have found that the special fonts may help students with reading difficulties. Dyslexia fonts:

https://www.dyslexiefont.com/en/typeface/

https://www.opendyslexic.org/

Lesson 1:

What is Electric car ?

1- Read the text and decide true (T) or false (F).

1-Electric Cars are more economical than fuel motor cars __________

2 -Electric cars more complicated than fuel motor cars __________

3- Electric car has environmentalist systems__________

4- Electric cars motors work direct current ( DC) __________

5- Motor rotor turns and convert electrical energy into mechanical energy__________

6-First production electric car built by Tesla in the late 1800s__________

Text:

Electric cars are vehicles that move with motors, which contain a single piece of rotor called a rotor and convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. The use of internal combustion, fossil-fueled motor vehicles is much simpler and has a regular mechanic electric cars, as in the case of internal combustion engine vehicles work very synchronously.

Electric cars (sometimes referred to as "EV" short for Electric Vehicle) are those vehicles that are powered by an electric motor drawing current from a rechargeable battery, fuel cell, or other portable source of electrical current. While the type of fuel source may change (e.g. battery, fuel cell) the engines are always an electric motor.The basic concept behind an electric vehicle (EV) is straightforward: Direct-Current (DC) electricity powers a large electric motor, which then propels the vehicle. Fully electric cars are propelled exclusively by an electric motor, as opposed to an internal combustion motor using gasoline or a hybrid car - which runs on a mixture of gasoline and battery power to fuel the combustion engine and electric motor respectively.

EV’s are like an automatic car. They have a forward and reverse mode. When you place the vehicle in gear and press on the accelerator pedal these things happen:

Power is converted from the DC battery to AC for the electric motor
The accelerator pedal sends a signal to the controller which adjusts the vehicle's speed by changing the frequency of the AC power from the inverter to the motor
The motor connects and turns the wheels through a cog
When the brakes are pressed or the car is decelerating, the motor becomes an alternator and produces power, which is sent back to the battery.

AC/DC and electric cars

AC stands for Alternating Current. In AC, the current changes direction at a determined frequency, like the pendulum on a clock.DC stands for Direct Current. In DC, the current flows in one direction only, from positive to negative.

Electric Car History

First production electric car built by English inventor Thomas Parker in the late 1800sFully electric cars have undergone a surge in popularity in recent years due to environmental concerns, but electric vehicles were already being made in the late 1800s. The vehicles remained popular until the early 20th century, which is when Henry Ford’s mass-produced Model T was introduced in 1908. The Model T was the first mass-produced internal-combustion-engine vehicles, and sold for half the price of an electric car. After a couple of decades of competition, the internal combustion engine won, mainly because of the limitations of battery technologies and eager Americans wanting to explore the newly built roads connecting cities.

Cheap, abundant gasoline and continued improvements to the internal combustion engine caused public interest in electric vehicles to go into a sort of dark age with minimal advancements in the technology for several decades. Then came the the oil energy crisis of the 1970s and 1980s, which caused the U.S. Congress to pass the Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1976, authorizing the U.S. Energy Department to support research and development in electric and hybrid vehicles. While this event sparked public awareness and research efforts, the vehicles developed by automakers during this time never made it into mass production. This is due to the fact that many of these vehicles had several drawbacks such as limited performance (usually topping at speeds of 45 miles per hour) and severely restricted range limitations (typical range was limited to 40 miles before needing to be recharged).

Frist production electric car, called the Roadster by Tesla Motors

It wasn’t until around the start of the 21st century (circa 2001) that the true revival of the electric vehicle caught on. This shift in public acceptance of electric vehicles is often attributed to the introduction of the Toyota Prius, which was first released in Japan in 1997 (2000 worldwide release) and became the world’s first mass-produced hybrid electric vehicle. Subsequent to the Prius, a (previously) small Silicon Valley startup called Tesla Motors, introduced a fully electric luxury electric sports car in 2008 called the Tesla Roadster, that could go more than 200 miles on a single charge. These two events, along with the mass acceptance by the public, has since spurred almost all big automakers to accelerate work on their own electric vehicles.

2-Translate the words from the text above into Turkish language.

forward and reverse mode __________________________________________________________

adjust________________________________________________

current_________________________________________________________

internal combustion ___________________________________________________________

speed ________________________________________________________________

decelerating ___________________________________________________________

produce___________________________________________________

3- Let's make brainstorming

Answer theese question and discuss in your classroom with group friends

what is advantages of electric car using in daily life?

What is disadvantage of Electric cars?

4-Look at the drawing and translate the names of the components into Turkish language

Lesson 2:

How does work Electric car ?

1- Read the text and decide true (T) or false (F).

1- Electric car batteries made from Lithium Lion __________

2 -Lithium Lion Battaries are sell very cheap __________

3- You need in electric car sytem also gas tank__________

4- All of electric cars don't need more maintance __________

5- controller ( driver) use for speed control__________

6-In an electric car, the accelerator pedal hooks to a pair of these to relay the information to the controller about how much power it should deliver.__________

Text:

In an electric vehicle, the motor connects to the wheels through a drivetrain similar to the transmission in an ordinary internal combustion vehicle. The only two significantly different components include an electric motor and a controller to regulate the speed the vehicle will move at. The most common electric vehicle power source is the rechargeable lithium lion battery, which acts as a "gas tank" and supplies the electric motor with the energy necessary to move the vehicle.Electric Motor - All electric cars motors are powered by the same thing (stored electricity) and a motor on an electric car functions in the same basic way as the one that makes a fan turn. There are many different types of electric car motors, with only a few making up the majority of the motors being used in electric cars. Some electric car motors use AC current (like a wall outlet), while others are powered by DC current (true battery power). Additionally, voltage standards may vary for different types of electric vehicles.

Controller - If the battery is the heart of the electric car motor, the controller is the brain as it tells the engine what to do. Electric car controllers function as the connection between the battery and the motor, dictating how much of motor's energy is transmitted to the wheels, preventing the electric motor from burning out. When the driver presses down on the gas pedal, the controller sends the power to the engine to increase the speed. As soon as the driver removes his foot from the acceleration pedal, no further power goes through. The controller on an electric car can be either alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC).

Rechargeable Batteries - The battery is the heart of an electric car. There are several different types of battery packs used in electric vehicles, including Lithium-Ion, Nickel-Metal Hydride, and Lead-Acid. They are typically mounted low down in the car, to keep their substantial weight close to the ground. Recharging batteries can either source power externally (e.g. Charging stations) or through regenerative brakes. Regenerative brakes stop your car from throwing energy away every time you stop, by recycling your car’s generated electricity. The way this works is that the car's electric motor becomes a generator so that when the brakes are engaged, the car slows down as your kinetic energy turns to electricity that recharges the battery.

Performance - Electric cars provide quiet, smooth and strong acceleration. Since electric motors can produce high torque at low speeds, electric cars can accelerate significantly quicker than gasoline cars; which don't produce their peak torque until they’ve reached relatively high speeds. The unique “axle-twisting” power offered by EVs is almost felt by passengers instantaneously. Furthermore, most electric vehicles are designed with aerodynamics and a lower center of mass to reach a near ideal weight distribution.

Maintenance - Electric cars require almost none of the maintenance that gasoline powered vehicles do (e.g. oil changes, emissions checks). Even the average life expectancy of an EV battery is expected to be around a decade. The principle driver behind EV’s reduced maintenance is the fact that electric motors have only one moving part - the motor shaft. Conversely, internal combustion engines have hundreds of moving parts creating intense heat and force generated by an unending series of little explosions. Simply ensure that your electric vehicle has a sufficient charge, properly inflated tires, and you are good to go.

2-Translate the words from the text above into Turkish language.

explosion __________________________________________________________

remove________________________________________________

peak torque _________________________________________________________

drivetrain ___________________________________________________________ motor shaft________________________________________________________________

sufficient charge___________________________________________________________

tire__________________________________________________

3- Answer the Questions

1-What is the weakest link in any electric car?

a-The potentiometers

b-The batteries

c-The driver

2-To keep the battery in an electric car charged, the car must have what?

a- AC-to-DC converter

b-DC-to-DC converter

c- DC-to-AC converter

3-Any electric car needs this to recharge the batteries.

a- Potentiometer

b-Transistor

c- Charging system

4-If you've decided to build your own electric vehicle, you should know that an electric motor usually needs which one of the following for maximum efficiency?

a- Potentiometer

b-Catalytic converter

c-Reduction gear

5-How many driver do you need in an AC controller?

a-One

b-Two

c-Three

4-Put Correct word in blanks

The controller takes power from the __________and delivers it to the __________ The accelerator pedal hooks to a pair of__________ (variable resistors), and these potentiometers provide the signal that tells the controller how much power it is supposed to deliver. The controller can deliver zero power (when the car is stopped), full power (when the driver floors the accelerator pedal), or any power level in between.

potentiometers,batteries,motor

5- why do use this units for electric car ? Discuss in class with your friends

Lesson 3:

Electric Car Batteries

1- Read the text and decide true (T) or false (F).

1- Electric cars can fast charging __________

2 -Lithium-ion battery are the positive and negative electrodes__________

3- Battaries have low internal resistance __________

4- Battaries can be use over 20 years on the electric car. __________

5-Electric car batteries can refill acid__________

6-Batteries are very heavy__________

Text:

Electric Vehicle Battery Systems provides operational theory and design guidance for engineers and technicians working to design and develop efficient electric vehicle (EV) power sources. As Zero Emission Vehicles become a requirement in more areas of the world, the technology required to design and maintain their complex battery systems is needed not only by the vehicle designers, but by those who will provide recharging and maintenance services, as well as utility infrastructure providers. Includes fuel cell and hybrid vehicle applications. Written with cost and efficiency foremost in mind, Electric Vehicle Battery Systems offers essential details on failure mode analysis of VRLA, NiMH battery systems, the fast-charging of electric vehicle battery systems based on Pb-acid, NiMH, Li-ion technologies, and much more. Key coverage includes issues that can affect electric vehicle performance, such as total battery capacity, battery charging and discharging, and battery temperature constraints. The author also explores electric vehicle performance, battery testing (15 core performance tests provided), lithium-ion batteries, fuel cells and hybrid vehicles. In order to make a practical electric vehicle, a thorough understanding of the operation of a set of batteries in a pack is necessary. Expertly written and researched, Electric Vehicle Battery Systems will prove invaluable to automotive engineers, electronics and integrated circuit design engineers, and anyone whose interests involve electric vehicles and battery systems.

Futures:

High drain battery packs, environmental-friendly;

High capacity, low internal resistance, long cycle life up to 1000 times;

Free of fire or explosion even in the condition of acupunctured or short circuit;

The dimension, protection board and the shell can be customer-made;

Excellent performance with high-current discharge and in high temperature environment.Long cycle life: Residual capacity of more than 80% after 2500 cycles, it can be use over 8 years on the electric car.

High safety: The shell is made with non-metallic aluminum plastic film, it will not fire, burn or explode.Active equalization: The special Li-ion energy storage battery unit design lengthen about 25% battery service life by use of bidirectional non-dissipative active equaling transmission technology, which can help energy active transfer among the cells, and keep 5A equalizing current.Low self-discharge: Self-discharge is less than 3% when the battery is laid aside for one month with half electric quantity.High charging efficiency: Capacity efficiency is 100%, it can discharge 100AH when it is charged 100AH.Excellent performance in large current discharge: The battery can emit 100% of capacity when it discharged in 0.1C-5C.

Batteries are integral to the main formats of electric vehicles (EVs) namely, hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and all-electric vehicles (EVs). Lithium-ion batteries are the current market leader, far outweighing alternatives such as Nickel-Metal Hydride batteries, or Lead-Acid batteries and Ultra capacitors.

Electric-vehicle batteries, or traction batteries, differ from the batteries that power torches, radios or toys. For a start, they deliver greater power over a much longer period, owing to their high ampere-hour capacity, high power and energy-to-weight ratio and high energy density. However, in comparison to petrol engines, current batteries still have a limited range between recharging stops.

Battery composition:

The three primary components of a lithium-ion battery are the positive and negative electrodes and an electrolyte. Generally, the negative electrode is made from carbon or graphite, the positive is made from a metal oxide and the electrolyte is composed of lithium salt in an organic solvent. The electrochemical roles of the electrodes reverse between anode and cathode, depending on the direction of current flow through the cell.Depending on composition, the voltage, energy density, life and safety of a lithium-ion battery can vary dramatically. Recently, nanotechnology has helped to improve performance and reduce the possibility of batteries catching fire.

Put Correct word in blanks

1-A battery is made up of one or more __________ each of which consists of two half-cells or__________

2-Automobile manufacturers have identified three types of rechargeable battery as suitable for electric car use. Those types are__________batteries, __________batteries, and __________batteries.

3- __________ exist at present, but manufacturers of electric cars are planning to build charging stations so that the infrastructure will be in place when customers start driving electric vehicles.

4-At its most basic level, a battery is a can full of chemicals that produces __________.

5-The areas of a battery that are marked positive (+) and negative (-) are called__________ :

6-In which direction must electrons within a battery flow for a chemical reaction to take place?__________

7- What kind of battery has a reversible reaction__________

Keys:

electrons ,electrochemical cells,recharging stations,lirhuim-ion (Li-ion)-lead-acid-nickel metal hydride (NiMH),electrodes,lead-acid ,Terminals

Lesson 4:

Electric Car Charging Systems

1- Read the text and decide true (T) or false (F).

1- There are three main types of EV charging – rapid, fast, and slow. __________

2 -Current Rapid AC chargers are rated at 5 kW__________

3- Slow charging units (up to 20 kW) __________

Text:

Electric vehicle (EV) charging is an important aspect of EV ownership. With power rating, connector type, cabling requirements and vehicle specification to consider, Zap-Map has created a series of step-by-step guides that cover the key issues related to EV charging.The following sections provide an overview of the guides including Public charging networks, Charging at home, Charging at work, On-street residential charging, Charge point types, and EV charging.There are three main types of EV charging – rapid, fast, and slow. These represent the power outputs, and therefore charging speeds, available to charge an EV. Note that power is measured in kilowatts (kW)Rapid chargers are one of two types – AC or DC [Alternating or Direct Current]. Current Rapid AC chargers are rated at 43 kW, while most Rapid DC units are at least 50 kW. Both will charge the majority of EVs to 80% in around 30-60 minutes (depending a battery capacity). Tesla

Superchargers are also Rapid DC and charge at around 120 kW. Rapid AC devices use a tethered Type 2 connector, and Rapid DC chargers are fitted with a CCS, CHAdeMO or Tesla Type 2.

Fast chargers include those which provide power from 7 kW to 22 kW, which typically fully charge an EV in 3-4 hours. Common fast connectors are a tethered Type 1 or a Type 2 socket (via a connector cable supplied with the vehicle).

Slow units (up to 3 kW) are best used for overnight charging and usually take between 6 and 12 hours for a pure-EV, or 2-4 hours for a PHEV. EVs charge on slow devices using a cable which connects the vehicle to a 3-pin or Type 2 socket.

How to charge an EV at home:

Charging at home is often the most convenient and cost effective way to recharge an EV. Government grants are available for the installation of home EV charge points, and a large number of companies offer a fully installed charge point for a fixed price.

Most home chargers are either rated at 3 kW or 7 kW. The higher powered wall-mounted units normally cost more than the slower 3 kW option, and halve the time required to fully charge an EV. Many plug-in car manufacturers have deals or partnerships with charge point suppliers, and in some cases provide a free home charge point as part of a new car purchase.

In most cases, home-based charging requires off-street parking to avoid trailing cables across public footpaths and public areas. All EV charging units are wired directly to the central metering unit, usually on its own circuit for safety and to enable monitoring separate from other electrical loads. While less common, on-street residential charging units are becoming available in some local authority areas.

How to charge an EV at work

An increasing number of companies are installing workplace EV charging units for use by employees and visitors. As with home-based charging, plugging-in an EV at the workplace charging makes sense as an employee vehicle will typically be stationary for most of the day when it can be conveniently charged. Work-based chargers can also play a role in attracting customers to visit a commercial or retail site.

While workplace charge points are similar to home-based units, power-ratings tend to be higher with more 7 kW and 22 kW units installed. More business units are double socket allowing them to charge two cars at the same time. The higher power units also enable plug-in company fleets to ‘opportunity’ charge in the middle of the day to increase the effective number of business miles driven per day without having to use more expensive charging on the public rapid network.

Company benefits in the form of grants and enhanced capital allowances are available for workplace charging units. Company owners can decide whether to provide free charging or top charge a fee to use the facilities, many opting for zero or low cost to incentive EV usage within the company and by customers and visitors.

For employees, charging at work can be a convenient way to recharge an EV whilst parked during the day. From a business point of view, having a charge point at the workplace will become increasingly important as a facility for employees and visitors, while for businesses with an EV fleet it can be an essential operating factor.

Similar to the Electric Vehicle Homecharge Scheme, the Government offers businesses, organisations, charities, and local authorities financial support to have charge points installed at their premises under the Workplace Charging Scheme. The grant provides up to £500 per socket at 75% of the total cost of installation – up to a maximum of 20 sockets – to be installed on dedicated off-street parking for staff, visitor, or fleet use. To find an accredited WCS charge point installer in your area, enter your postcode in the search box below.

2-Translate the words from the text above into Turkish language.

benefit__________

employee__________

Government__________

Slow charging__________

cabling __________

3- Pronounce Exercise in classroom:

Let students pronounce the words, if they mispronounce words, correct them. Encourage students to use given pictures to find out the meanings of words. Let students read the definitions of words and guess the meanings. Students complete the exercise in a big group. Lead the students to correct translations.

battery - electricity – electric current - electron – positive charge - negative charge - neigiamas ; proton –authorities ,financial,Company owner,infrastructure,environmental,charger,rechargeable battery,Vehicles,dimension,provided,non-dissipative,time required ,DC current ,High capacity,installed,explosion

Lesson 5:

How to Build Your Own Electric Car

1- Read the text and decide true (T) or false (F).

1- for choosing battery need sealedbattery or lead acid __________

2 -while build your own electric car you also need gasoline tank, exhaust mechanism, catalytic converter, clutch and radiator __________

3- Electric cars work range can vary from 90 V to 190 V. __________

4-Power Relay Mechanism systems The manual transmission's exiting reverse gear can be now operated using an AC motor.__________

Text:

Step 1:Mount Batteries and Controller

Now mount the controller and batteries. The controller which is used normally is same as the one used in forklifts. Place the batteries smartly by using the space appropriately. Trap and bracket them all in place.

Step 2 :Find an Apt Gasoline

The first step is to look for an appropriate gasoline car that can be converted. Although the choice is completely yours, you should look for a car that is enough roomy and has manual transmission as the batteries will take lots of space to sit. Don't go for very old car, but it you like one then ensure that its assembly and gear transmission is intact.

Step 3: Select a Battery Type

Choose the type of battery you require. There are many different options like high output sealedbattery and lead acid, marine deep cycle battery. There are many more options to choose from,based on the type of electrolyte they utilize. They may be gelled, flooded and absorbed glass mat batteries. Do the math depending on the power/voltage you require and buy the batteries that are most suitable. Connect all the batteries you have bought in series.

Step 4 : Detach Unwanted Gasoline Car Components

Now starts the gasoline car's transplant operation. Detach the gas engine, gasoline tank, exhaust mechanism, catalytic converter, clutch and radiator and remove them.

Step 5 : Start Writing As Per Electric Circuit Diagram

Draw a correct circuit diagram, before doing the electric wiring. Keep all the manual transmissions intact and using adapter plate, attach a motor. Fix the motor using customized brackets.Step 6: Build Reduction Gear Set

Electric motor needs a reduction gear to customize the mechanism of gear for maximum efficiency. To achieve this you can either build a new tailored reduction gear or fix the current gear system permanently in first or the second gear.

Step 7: Decide on Maximum Electrical Voltage Output

The next thing is to decide at what electrical voltage you want to run your car. The range can vary from 90 V to 190 V. The voltage amount will tell you the number of batteries that you will need. It will also determine the AC motor and controller specifications.

Step 8: Wire the Installed Components

Now comes the wiring of the components. Connect the battery and controller with the motor as

well as with each other using some high power cables. Install a separate motor if your original

car had power steering mechanism.

Step 9: Install Compressor, Heater and Air Conditioner

If your car has an air conditioner, then mount another motor to make its compressor work

efficiently. A vacuum pump should be installed in order to operate its brake booster. A small

water heater should also be installed in the heater's core to drive the car's heating mechanism.

Step 10: Installation of DC to DC Converter and Wiring Accessories

DC to DC converter should be installed to power all accessory batteries. No need of gas gauge

anymore. Just replace it with a suitable calibrated voltmeter that can slow down the charging

level of your car's batteries. Connect accelerator pedal to controller with potentiometer in middle

as connection link.

Step 11: Install the Power Relay Mechanism

Install the Power Relay Mechanism The manual transmission's exiting reverse gear can be now operated using an AC motor. Replace the gear changing mechanism with an electrical switch. Lastly, install relay switching mechanism which connects and disconnects your car from its batteries. So, now it is the switch which turns your car "ON" and "OFF". Now connect the ignition switch with the relay, in order that the relay gets operated via the ignition switch. You can install a different charging mechanism for your car's batteries. Place a charging socket on your car's exterior and then wire the whole charging mechanism with it.

Step 12:Time to Test

If you have manages to put all the things properly, your car is ready for testing. Individually test each and every part. Test the working of controller with accelerator pedal. When you end up with the testing stage, you are all set for the electric car's test drive. And once that goes efficiently and successfully, you're ready for pollution free and smooth drive in the electric car! Don't forget to compare car from other Electric Cars available in the market.

2-Translate the below sentences from the text above into Turkish language.

Your construction process will consist of several basic steps:

Cut and weld. The first thing you’ll need to do is cut and weld together your metal frame.
Add steering. Add in the steering mechanism and electric drive.
Test it out. Only test your vehicle on private property, not public streets, and go slowly.
Make it legal. Check with local and federal governments, and make sure your new vehicle meets all their requirements.

If all goes as planned, you will now have completed your homemade small electric car.

3-Put Correct word in blanks

All- __________ Conversions: A__________ with an internal combustion engine canbe __________ to an EV by completely removing the engine and adding a battery pack, one or more motors, high-voltage cables, and instrumentation. There is also ongoing research into making the batteries more efficient while they are in the vehicle.__________ There is general consensus that while electric cars may not be truly "zero __________ " vehicles, they are still on the whole for the environment and for the climate than conventional vehicles. Most electric vehicles are currently capable of about __________ of driving before they need to be recharged. The exception is the Tesla Model S, which can travel about 250 miles on a charge.

Electric Vehicle

better

emission

100 miles

electric

converted

vehicle

4-Role play - What might cause and how to solve this problem?disscus with friends

1-The speed pedal doesn't work,why?

2- when I pres pedal electric car goes slow ,why?

3-I charge battery but it still empty wht ca I do?

Find a partner. Before you start the role play brainstorm the causes for these problems and

solutions how to fix the problems.

Lesson 6:

How an electric motor works in a car?

1- Read the text and decide true (T) or false (F).

1- Electric motors consist 2 part as rotor and stator __________

2 - Electric motors convert from Electric energy to mechanic Energy__________

3- Motors use 3 phase voltage__________

4- Electric motors use alternatif current__________

Text:

A three-phase, four-pole induction motor is made of two main parts: a stator and a rotor. The stator is made of three parts: a stator core, conducting wire, and frame. The stator core is a group of steel rings that are insulated from one another and then laminated together.

These rings include slots on their inside that the conducting wire will wrap around to form the stator coils. Simply put, in a three-phase induction motor, there are three different wire types. You can call these wire types Phase 1, Phase 2, and Phase 3.

Each wire type is wrapped around the slots on opposite sides of the inside of the stator core. Once the conducting wire is in place within the stator core, the core is placed within the frame.

How does an electric motor work?

Because of the complexity of the topic, the following is a simplified explanation of how a four-pole, three-phase AC induction motor works in a car. It starts with the battery in the car that is connected to the motor. Electrical energy is supplied to the stator via the car’s battery. The coils within the stator (made from the conducting wire) are arranged on opposite sides of the stator core and act as magnets, in a way. Therefore, when the electrical energy from the car battery is supplied to the motor, the coils create rotating, magnetic fields that pull the conducting rods on the outside of the rotor along behind it. The spinning rotor is what creates the mechanical energy needed to turn the gears of the car, which, in turn, rotate the tires. Now in a typical car, i.e., non-electric, there is both an engine and an alternator. The battery powers the engine, which powers the gears and wheels. The rotation of the wheels is what then powers the alternator in the car and the alternator recharges the battery. This is why you are told to drive your car around for a period

after being jumped: the battery needs to be recharged in order to function appropriately. There is no alternator in an electric car.

So, how does the battery recharge then? While there is no separate alternator, the motor in an electric car acts as both motor and alternator.

2- Translate the below sentences from the text above into Turkish language.

Direct current (DC)

The continuous current refers to a constant and unidirectional electric flow. Furthermore, the voltage keeps the polarity in time. On batteries, in fact, it is clearly marked which the positive and negative poles is. These use the constant potential difference to generate a current always in the same direction. In addition to batteries, fuel cells and solar ones, also the sliding between specific materials can produce direct current.

3- Quiz Electric motors

1-What term is used to describe how a magnetic field is created by the flow of electric current?

a-Magneto force

b-Electrolysis

c-Magnicity

d-Electromagnetism

e-Hydropower

2-Will the magnetic field be stronger in a coiled wire or a straight wire?

a-Coiled wire

b-Straight wire

c-The same in both

3-You can find the direction of the magnetic field by using the ______ rule.

a- High five

b- Right hand

c- Sleight of hand

d- Upper hand

e-Left hand

4-Electric motors are not very useful except when used in cars.

TRUE FALSE

5) What do we call a device that converts electricity into mechanical movement?

a- Electrical generator

b-Electrical coil

c-Electrical charge

d-Electrical field

e-Electrical motor

6) What is it called when physical movement is used to create electrical energy?

a-Electromagnetic deduction

b- Electromagnetic division

c- Electromagnetic intuition

d-Electromagnetic induction

e- Electromagnetic persuasion

7) What do we call a device that converts mechanical movement into electricity?

a-Electrical generator

b-Electrical coil

c-Electrical charge

d-Electrical field

e- Electrical motor

8-Electromagnetism can be used to create powerful magnets using electricity.

TRUE FALSE

9) What scientist is credited with discovering that a magnetic field was produced by the flow of electric current?

a-Albert Einstein

b- Hans Orsted

c- Nikola Tesla

d- Thomas Edison

e- Isaac Newton

10) Which of the following is an example of an electrical generator?

a-Electric fan

b-Electric car

c-Hydropower dam

d-All of the above

e- None of the above

Lesson 7:

Electric Car Workshop Safety

1- Read the text and decide true (T) or false (F).

1- Workshop Safety is about making the working environment safe and for employees __________

2 - while working on electric car we dont need wear gloves__________

3- High voltage is not dangeriose for Technicians__________

4-we must use safely tools when working electric car motors maintances ________

Text:

Hybrid and BEV (battery electric vehicles) commonly operate with battery voltages typically from 300v DC to 600v DC — anything beyond 60v DC is classed by H&S as ‘high-risk’ and can cause serious injury or even fatalities. When we consider workshop safety concerns it is important to look at the whole picture and subdivide ‘hybrid and BEV safety’ into four separate categories: • Workshop safety • Vehicle safety • Personal safety • High voltage tools and test equipment.

Workshop Safety is about making the working environment safe — for employees, but also for members of the public/customers who may be around vehicles in the workshop. It is important that there should be a designated area cordoned off and identified as a ‘Danger - High Voltage’ area, with appropriate barriers and signage. It is also important that high-voltage rescue and first-aid equipment be available in case of emergency.Vehicle Safety is about making the vehicle safe for a technician to work on. PHEVs (Plug-in Electric Vehicles) and BEVs will normally have some form of ‘Isolator’ switch, commonly known as an MSD (manual service disconnect) switch, which should be removed before any work is carried out on the vehicle. This has the effect of isolating the high voltage battery from the rest of the vehicle. However, it is important that other technicians in the workshop are aware that this is a high voltage vehicle, and do not attempt to start, or move the vehicle. Thus appropriate identification, (for example, warning signage, locks, etc) should be used. The MSD should also be stored in a secure location, to avoid the risk of someone accidently re-fitting it while a technician is working on the vehicle. Once the MSD has been removed, the high voltage will take some time to dissipate — use of an appropriate ‘Voltage Absence’ tester to verify lack of voltage is essential before commencing any work, along with appropriate insulating materials to protect the high voltage circuits. Personal Safety is about providing protection for the technician working on the vehicle — appropriate insulated gloves and face shield should be worn to protect against high voltage leaks and arc flash risk. If working within the high voltage battery and/or circuitry, further specialist protection may be necessary as the technician will now be working within a live high voltage environment. High Voltage Tools and Equipment — the electrical industry has specific standards for test equipment which is to be used in a high voltage environment. This is known as the CAT standard, a minimum of CAT III 600v, or CAT IV 1000v is required to ensure the test tools are suitable and safe for working on high voltage systems

1-You must wear safety glasses when working with machinery and hand tools in the workshop

True

False

2-It is OK to talk to your classmates when you or they are operating a machine? why?

True

False

3-What must you do when tidying up in the workshop?

a-Hang up the aprons correctly on the stand

b-Put the tools away in their places on the shadow board

c- Sweep up the dust on the floor

3-Long hair is not a good thing in the workshop because....

a-It can get pulled by other students

b-It can get caught in a machine and cause injury

c-It can get dirty

d-It will smell of oil or wood when you leave the workshop

4-Wearing sandals is permitted when you are using the workshop in the summer?

True

False

5-It is dangerous to run in the workshop

True

False

6-I must wear on my head ............... when I am working with tools or on the machines in the workshop.

Cap

Helmut

7- You must wear eyeglass when working with machinery and hand tools in the workshop

True

False

8-It's dangerous to wear rings, jewelry or loose clothes in the lab because:

a- They could get lost.

b-They could get caught in the machinery.

c-It looks sloppy.

d- They could be damaged

9-Cluttered work areas caused accidents. Keep the work areas clear. When you're finished with the tools, put them:

a-On the table.

b- Under the table.

c- In the cabinet.

d- On the instructor's desk.

10-Damp or oily rags can heat up, smolder and catch fire by themselves, even if they're not close to any flames or sparks. This is called spontaneous combustion. That's why used rags must be kept:

a-Wet.

b- Outside.

c-Near a fire extinguisher.

d- In a covered metal container.

11-If there's an emergency you may have to use a fire extinguisher. It's important to know where the fire extinguishers are located and to:

a- Test them.

b-Read the instructions posted on them.

c- Keep one near your at all times.

d- Store flammable under them.

12-Always protect your eyes when working with power equipment, coping saw or an air hose. To prevent an eye injury or blindness, wear:

a- Safety glasses.

b-A cap with a visor.

c- Sun glasses.

d- Dust-proof clothes.

13-Before you use a power tool or machinery, get the instructor's permission. If you have to leave a machine:

a- Turn it off.

b- Leave it running and hurry back to it.

c- Ask someone to watch it.

d-Make sure it's safe to leave it running.

14-Serious muscle and back injuries can result from lifting something incorrectly. The right way to lift something from the floor is:

a- With your back.

b- Slowly.

c- With your arms muscles.

d-With your leg muscles.

15-It's important to be sure that others are working safety, too. Tell the instructor about any unsafe condition. Your safety depends on what others around you do. Choose a statement that says it best for you:

a- Safety is everyone's business.

b- You're all in it together.

c-Mistakes cause accidents.

d- Each person is responsible for his own safety and for the safety of those around him/her.

16. Safety is the most important aspect of your woodworking experience. Pay close attention to the instructions and demonstrations given by your instructor.

True False

17. You do not need to wear safety goggles when working in the woodshop area and cutting wood

True False

18. While operating a tool or machine, attention must be directly made to that machine and avoid looking up or talking to another person.

True False

19. Remove ties and confine long hair before operating any power equipment.

True False

20. Operate all power machines only after receiving proper instruction on how to operate them safely, you have read the owners manual and receive a 100 percent on the safety test.

True False

21- When you have completed an operation on a machine, turn off the power, wait until the blade has come to a dead stop before leaving the area or setting up another operation.

True False

22- Never leave a machine running or unattended under any circumstances.

True False

23- Do not crowd around an operator or wait in line to use a machine.

True False

24-No horseplay or rough housing is allowed in the classroom or woodshop.

True False

25- If you see someone violating a safety rule, let them know about it because it's not only protecting that person, it's also protecting you as well as the other students in the shop.

True False

26- When carrying tools, make more than one trip if there are more than two tools and be sure the sharp edges are pointing down.

True False

27- When using any sharp tool, be sure you always cut away from yourself and see that other students are clear of the area.

True False

28-Never talk to anyone while operating a power or hand tool.

True False

29- Do not operate any machine or tool if you are tired, dizzy, upset, worried, or in a hurry.

True False

30-Avoid making unusual noises that may startle the operator.

True False

31- Machines must not be used if the instructor is called out of class.

True False

32-If solvent or some other chemical splashes in your eye, immediately flush it out with water.

True False

33-Keep the shop neat and clean by doing your individual clean up job.

True False

34- Keep your fingers and hands away from moving parts of machines such as belts and pulleys.

True False

35- Advise the instructor immediately of any machine that is out of adjustment, broke, or not functioning properly.

True False

36-The operator of the machine is NOT responsible for being certain that all conditions are safe for himself/herself and any students in the immediate area. Be sure NOT to look behind you before turning on the machine.

True False

37- You must understand the term "margin of safety" and abide by it at all times. MARGIN OF SAFETY - is the distance you keep your hands away from the rotating cutter and the size of the material to be used on a machine.

True False

38- Remember at all times that you must guarantee safety for two: You and the other people in the shop class. The machine cannot think, but you can. Make safety a habit.

True False

39-To avoid accidents, safety must be foremost in your mind at all times.

True False

40-The operator must know what he/she is doing and how to do it.

True False

Lesson 8:

Electric Car Tools and Equipments

1- See the picture and decide true (T) or false (F).

1- isolated screwdriver protect untill 10.000 volt__________

2 -pliers can cut and hold metals__________

3- drilling sets have only one drill edge and cannot change __________

4- metal saw also cut woods ________

Screwdriver:

A screwdriver comes in various sizes and with several tip shapes. Screwdrivers used byelectricians should have insulated handles. Using a screwdriver for a particular job, the width of thescrewdriver tip should match the width of the screw slot

Pliers :

Pliers are available in different types, shape, and sizes. They are also available in both insulatedand uninsulated handles. An insulated handle should be used when working on or near hot wires. It isalso used for cutting big and small wires.

Drilling Equipment :

Drilling equipment is needed to make holes in building structure passages of conduits andwires

Sawing and Cutting Tools :

Saws commonly used by electricians include the crosscut, keyhole, and hacksaw.

Soldering Equipment :

In doing electric wiring, splices and taps (connections made to wire) should be soldered,unless you use solderless connectors. Typical equipments available for soldering are shown below.

Hammers :

Hammers are used with chisels and for nailing and fitting. Below are examples of carpenter’sclaw hammer, lineman’s hammer, and machinist’s ball-peen hammer

Measuring Tools:

To measure wire length and other items, the electrician finds considerable use for measuringtools such as the extension or zigzag rule, push-pull rule and a steel tape as shown below.

Voltage Tester:

LED voltage indicator

Measures 12 V to 690 V
Includes continuity test
Probe caps for GS38 compliance

cable cutter :

generally refers to a portable, manually operated device while cablecutting machines are motor-driven and may utilize microprocessors for programmed cutting routines.

Test:

1-How should you store power tools when not in use?

a-In its box with all its attachments

b-In your tool bag with the rest of your tools

c-On the floor, under the bench, out of the way

d-On a high shelf, out of reach

2-Never use electric tools in what kind of condition/conditions?

a-Humid

b-Cold

c-Wet

d-Snowy

3-When not in use, power tools should be..?