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As a scientist, I have been researching in the field of textile technology and manufacturing for many years. My goal is to explore how to manufacture a robust product that serves as a foundation for creating longer-lasting clothing, as well as other household and business items. My expertise is in textile materials and recycling technology.
作為一位科學家，我已經在紡織技術和製造領域研究多年。我的目標是探索如何製造一種堅固的產品，作為創造更持久的服裝以及其他家居和商業物品的基礎。我的專業領域包括紡織材料和回收技術。
There are different fibers used in clothing. For example, the natural fibers 天然纖維 such as cotton 棉, wool 羊毛, linen 亞麻, hemp 大麻纖維, silk 蠶絲, and cashmere 羊絨, and then there are synthetic fibers 合成纖維 made from plastics like rayon 人造纖維, polyester 聚酯纖維, nylon 尼龍, and acrylic 丙烯酸纖維.
There are different fibers used in clothing. For example, the natural fibers 天然纖維 such as cotton 棉, wool 羊毛, linen 亞麻, hemp 大麻纖維, silk 蠶絲, and cashmere 羊絨, and then there are synthetic fibers 合成纖維 made from plastics like rayon 人造纖維, polyester 聚酯纖維, nylon 尼龍, and acrylic 丙烯酸纖維.
natural fibers
natural fibers
synthetic fibers
synthetic fibers
According to my experience, identifying textile materials is the most challenging task in the textile recycling process because of the complicated structures of fabrics and textiles. Furthermore, textile waste is increasing globally, but recycling could help reduce the generation of new material waste.
根據我的經驗，在紡織品回收過程中，由於織物和紡織品結構的複雜性，識別紡織材料是最具挑戰性的任務。此外，全球紡織廢物不斷增加，但透過回收可以有助於減少新材料浪費的產生。
The figure shows the source and mechanism of textile recycling, a common source of textile waste from consumers, and unsellable textile waste from the textile industry. Furthermore, there are two recycling process: mechanical and chemical recycling, which are two primary types of recycling technologies.
The figure shows the source and mechanism of textile recycling, a common source of textile waste from consumers, and unsellable textile waste from the textile industry. Furthermore, there are two recycling process: mechanical and chemical recycling, which are two primary types of recycling technologies.
這張圖顯示了紡織品回收的來源和機制，其中包括來自消費者的常見紡織廢物來源，以及紡織工業中難以銷售的紡織廢物。此外，還有兩種回收過程：機械回收和化學回收，它們是兩種主要的回收技術類型。
Mechanical recycling via melt-extrusion is a technique that is used to extract fibers from waste materials, allowing them to be spun into yarns. Mechanical recycling is also one of the easiest recycling methods that can be used with a low-cost budget. Moreover, textile waste is categorized based on the material type and color obtained through mechanical deconstruction. For example, wool can be transformed into usable yarn by spinning carded yarn with mixed shoddy. Mechanical recycling encompasses various methods, depending on the degree of breakdown that is undergone by the recovered material, such as fiber, fabric, polymer, and monomer recycling. The mechanical recycling applications in the wiper, fiber material, and prespun fiber industries could produce new fabrics for products.
機械熔融回收是一種利用熔融擠壓技術從廢物材料中提取纖維的技術，使其能夠被紡成紗線。機械回收也是一種可以在低成本預算下使用的最簡單的回收方法之一。此外，紡織廢料是通過機械解構獲得的材料類型和顏色來分類。像是羊毛可以透過粗梳紗與混合次品紡成可用的紗線。機械回收包括多種方法，取決於回收材料如纖維、織物、聚合物和單體所經歷的分解程度。擦拭布、纖維材料和預紡纖維產業中的機械回收應用可以生產新的產品織物。
On the contrary, some textile materials cannot be recycled by mechanical process because of their inferior quality and difficulty of reprocessing these materials through the melting process to achieve high-value products, for instance, cotton or a mixture of synthesis fibers. Furthermore, in blended fabrics like polyester-cotton, mechanical shredding has a more detrimental effect on natural fibers than on synthetic ones. As a result, chemical recycling emerges as an alternative method to recycle both types of fibers.
相反的，由於一些紡織材料的品質較差，難以通過熔融過程再加工這些材料以製造高價值產品，例如棉花或合成纖維的混合物，因此這些材料無法通過機械過程進行回收。此外，在混紡面料如滌綸棉中，機械粉碎對天然纖維的影響比對合成纖維更為不利，因此，化學回收成為回收這兩種類型纖維的替代方法。
Chemical treatment is seen as a promising textile recycling method. During this process, chemicals are added to degrade the complex textile polymer to create smaller polymer molecules. Chemical recycling to monomer, or the “CRM”, is a popular nowadays that can be used to degrade polymers such as those in textile waste to monomers. In addition, the types of technology in chemical recycling include pyrolysis, hydrolysis, hydrothermal, glycolysis, and ammonolysis.
Chemical treatment is seen as a promising textile recycling method. During this process, chemicals are added to degrade the complex textile polymer to create smaller polymer molecules. Chemical recycling to monomer, or the “CRM”, is a popular nowadays that can be used to degrade polymers such as those in textile waste to monomers. In addition, the types of technology in chemical recycling include pyrolysis, hydrolysis, hydrothermal, glycolysis, and ammonolysis.
化學處理被視為一種有前景的紡織品回收方法。在這個過程中，添加化學物質來降解複雜的紡織聚合物，從而產生較小的聚合物分子。化學回收至單體，或稱"CRM"，是當今流行的一種方法，可用於將紡織廢物中的聚合物降解為單體。此外，化學回收的技術類型包括熱解、水解、水熱法、糖解和氨解。
Pyrolysis 熱解 is a simple process, and many different kinds of raw materials can be used for the pyrolysis process.
熱解是一個簡單的過程，而且很多不同種類的原材料都可以進行熱解。
Hydrolysis 水解 utilizes environmentally friendly solvents and chemicals. It operates under mild conditions and requires low energy.
水解利用環保的溶劑和化學品，而且操作在溫和的條件下，並只需低能耗。
Hydrothermal technology 水熱法 include low ash, high heating values, and reduced oxygen content.
水熱技術包括低灰分、高熱值和降低氧氣含量。
Gycolysis 糖解 also involves low energy consumption.
糖解同樣涉及低能耗。
There are still some challenges to recycling textile waste due to different materials that are added to fabric and textiles to make fashion items. Therefore, the strategies that can be used to recycle textile fibers, such as mechanical recycling and chemical recycling are reviewed to minimize the textile waste that ends up being incinerated or in landfills. In addition, the recycling process does not only allow businesses to make a more significant profit by avoiding textile waste being dumped in landfills, but the textile recycling also contributes a positive impact on social and environmental issues.
There are still some challenges to recycling textile waste due to different materials that are added to fabric and textiles to make fashion items. Therefore, the strategies that can be used to recycle textile fibers, such as mechanical recycling and chemical recycling are reviewed to minimize the textile waste that ends up being incinerated or in landfills. In addition, the recycling process does not only allow businesses to make a more significant profit by avoiding textile waste being dumped in landfills, but the textile recycling also contributes a positive impact on social and environmental issues.
由於在製作時向織物和紡織品中添加不同材料以製作時尚物品，因此回收紡織廢物仍然存在一些挑戰。因此，我們對可用於回收紡織纖維的策略進行了審查，例如機械回收和化學回收，以最大程度地減少最終被焚燒或掩埋的紡織廢物。此外，回收過程不僅可以讓企業透過避免將紡織廢料傾倒在垃圾掩埋場來獲得更可觀的利潤，而且紡織回收還可以對社會和環境問題產生積極影響。
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