SS.7.C.4.1

alliance: a union between nations for assistance and protection

allies: nations united with another for some common purpose such as assistance and protection

ambassador: a person sent as the chief representative of his or her own government in another country

diplomacy: the work of keeping good relations between the governments of different countries

diplomat: a person employed or skilled in diplomacy

doctrine: the principles in a system of belief

domestic affairs: issues or concerns in one’s own country

domestic policy: a government’s decisions about issues within the country

embassy: the residence or office of a country’s ambassador

foreign affairs: issues or concerns about other countries around the world

foreign policy: a government’s decisions about relationships with other countries

international relations: relationship between nations around the world

Secretary of State: the head of the U.S. Department of State; a member of the President’s Cabinet

treaty: an agreement or arrangement between two or more countries

U.S. State Department: the federal department in the U.S. government that makes foreign policies; part of the executive branch of the federal government

SS.7.C.4.2

European Union: an organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members

intergovernmental organization: an organization formed with groups of governments for a specific purpose

international organization: groups of governments or people from different countries working together to solve an issue that crosses country borders

International Red Cross/Red Crescent: an organization that helps people around the world respond to natural disasters and that checks on the conditions of prisoners of war

non-governmental organization (NGO): a voluntary citizens' group that is organized on a local, national or international level and works ; they perform a variety of service and humanitarian functions, bring citizen concerns to governments, advocate for certain issues such as human rights or the environment, and encourage political participation; also known as international non-governmental organization (INGO)

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA): a formal agreement among the governments of the U.S., Canada, and Mexico to form a free trade zone in North America and eliminate taxes on the buying and selling of each other’s products

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO): a group of 28 countries that has agreed to protect each other in case of attack; founded in 1949

United Nations (UN): an organization founded in 1943 to keep the peace, develop friendly relationships among countries, and improve the quality of life for the world’s poor people; consists of 193 member countries

United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF): an agency of the United Nations established in 1946 to help governments improve the health and education of children and their mothers

World Bank: an organization that helps poor and middle income countries get the money they need to build improvements that will help reduce poverty

World Court: a permanent panel of fifteen judges appointed by the UN to nineyear terms to hear cases; cases argued before the court focus on disputes between nations who agree to accept its decisions

World Health Organization: an organization established in 1948 within the United Nations that works to improve health throughout the world

World Trade Organization (WTO): an international body founded in 1995 to promote international trade and economic development by reducing taxes and other restrictions

SS.7.C.4.3

Bay of Pigs: a bay of the Caribbean Sea in Cuba: it was the site of an attempted invasion of Cuba by anti-Fidel Castro forces in April 1961.

conflict: a sharp disagreement (between ideas, interests, or purposes) conflict resolution noun the process of ending a conflict or disagreement

cooperation: the act of working together Cuban Missile Crisis event in October 1962, leaders of the U.S. and the Soviet Union engaged in a tense, 13-day political and military standoff over the placement of nuclear-armed Soviet missiles in Cuba

Gulf War I: a military conflict in 1991 between Iraq and a group of 34 nations; the war was approved by the United Nations and led by the U.S; also known as the Persian Gulf War

Gulf War II: the 2003 military conflict in Iraq, also called the Iraq War or "Operation Iraqi Freedom", which began March 20, 2003; started by the U.S., Great Britain, and other nations humanitarian efforts noun work focused on improving the health and happiness of other people

international conflict: a conflict between two different nations or groups

Iran Hostage Crisis: a 444-day period during which the new government of Iran after the Iranian Revolution held hostage 66 diplomats and U.S. citizens, beginning on November 4, 1979 and ending on January 20, 1981

Korean War: a war between North and South Korea; South Korea was aided by the U.S. and other countries; it was fought from 1950-1953 military action noun members of the U.S. military (Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force and Coast Guard) are sent to another country to use force to stop a conflict

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO): a group of 28 countries that has agreed to protect each other in case of attack; founded in 1949

peacekeeping operations: enforcing a truce between countries or groups by an international military force terrorism noun the use of extreme fear and violence as a way to achieve a political goal

Vietnam War: a military conflict (1954-1975) between the Communist forces of North Vietnam (supported by China and the Soviet Union) and the non-Communist forces of South Vietnam (supported by the U.S.)

World War I: a war between the Allied Powers (including Russia, France, British Empire, Italy, the U.S., Japan, Romania, Serbia, Belgium, Greece, Portugal, Montenegro), and the Central Powers (including Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria); that lasted from 1914 to 1918

World War II: a war that began in 1937 in Asia, in 1939 in Europe, and in 1941 in the U.S.; it lasted until 1945 and involved most of the world’s countries