Why was the Scientific Revolution so "revolutionary"? Who were the major scientists and mathematicians of this revolution and what were their contributions?

Who were the major Enlightenment thinkers? What were the big ideas of the Enlightenment? How did these ideas shape 18th and 19th century Europe and have they shaped our world today?

How did the ideas of the Enlightenment impact monarchs across Europe? Were there any "enlightened" rulers?