Multiplication and Division Algorithms  

Once students have a strong conceptual understanding of how to represent multiplication and division, they gain efficiency with the calculations and are ready to become fluent with the standard algorithms. An understanding of prime and composite numbers will support students in becoming fluent with multiplying three digits by two digits and with dividing a four-digit dividend by a two-digit divisor. 

Verbs: What should students be doing?

Multiply: To add repeatedly

Solve: To work out the answer or solution to a problem

Identify: To see something and know what it is

Nouns: What concrete words should students know?

Fluency: The ability to express an answer easily

Algorithm: A set of steps to follow to complete a problem

Proficiency: A high degree of competence or skill 

Quotient: The answer to a division problem 

Dividend: The amount to be divided up

Divisor: The number another number will be divided by

Digit: A symbol used to make numerals

Strategy: A plan or method for carrying out a goal

Prime number: A number that can be divided only by one or itself

Composite number: A number that can be divided by numbers other than one or itself