Mitosis allows organisms to grow, repair damaged tissues, and reproduce asexually.
(Nature, Mitosis and Cell Division, 2008)
Prophase:
Chromosomes condense and become visible
The nuclear envelope breaks down, then spindle fiber are formed from centrioles.(Nature, Mitosis and Cell Division, 2008)
Metaphase:
Chromosomes align in the center
The spindle fibers attach to centromeres.
Precise alignment ensures equal division of genetic material.(Nature, Mitosis and Cell Division, 2008)
Anaphase:
Sister chromatids are pulled apart by spindle fibers, moving to opposite poles(Nature, Mitosis and Cell Division, 2008)
Telophase:
Nuclear membranes are formed around each set of chromosomes
Chromosomes then start to uncoil into chromatin.
Cyotokinesis: the cytoplasm divides, forming two distinct cells.(Nature, Mitosis and Cell Division, 2008)
Process: When animals cells go through cytokinesis it called Cleavage.
How does it work?
Cleavage is when the cell membrane is pinched inward at the equator, this forms a thing called 'Cleavage Furrow'
As it deepens it splits the cell into two daughter cells!! This is able to happen by a structure called contractile ring ( This is made up of actin filaments and myosin motor proteins). (Michael Post, Cytokinesis: Plant vs. Animal Cells, 2004)
Process: When plants go through cytokinesis from a thing called Cell Plate.
How does it work?
A new cell wall grows in a inward motion from the center of the cell, this divided the new cell into two daughter cells.
Golgi vesicles carry the cell wall material to the center of the cell.
These vesicles are fused at the midline creating the structure called Cell Plate. (Michael Post, Cytokinesis: Plant vs. Animal Cells, 2004)
Key ideas: The process of nuclear division also known as Mitosis, ensures that each daughter cell gets an identical set of chromosomes. (Nature, Mitosis and Cell Division, 2008)
Bibliography:
Image Hyperlinks:
Biology Notes Online- Mitosis
Dreamstime.com- Prophase
Alarmy- Metaphase
Alarmy- Anaphase
Shuttershock- Telophase
BYJU'S- Animal vs Plant cell