Key Terms:

• Chromatid: Each half of a duplicated chromosome.

• Centromere: This is the central area where sister chromatids connect and where spindle fibers attach when going through cell division.

• Telomeres: Protective "Caps" on the tips of the chromosomes, these prevent damage to the genetic info (DNA).

• Chromatin: This is uncoiled, which allows for straighforword acces to genetic information. 

• Replicated/Duplicated Chromosomes: These are chromosomes that have been copied during the S phase in interphase. They contain two identical sister chromatids connected by a centromere.

• Sister Chromatids: These are matching copies of a chromosome which are joined together in the centromere. They are formed during DNA replication and are divided during mitosis or meiosis.

• Homologous Chromosomes: These are pairs of chromosomes that have the same gene in the same order but may possess different alleles. Ex: One inherited from the mother and the other may be passed down from the father. 

• Kinetochores: These proteins are formed at the centromere and act as attachment points for spindle fiber during cell division. 

• Histones: This protein is wrapped by DNA in order to form nucleosomes. These can help package DNA into a organized structure that aids with gene regulation. 

• Haploid: These are cells that contain one complete set of chromosomes. Ex: Gametes

• Diploid: These are cells with two full sets of chromosomes, One set comes from each parent. Ex: Most body cells.

(ThoughtCo, Mitosis vocab, 2019)

Fun Fact: Humans have 46 chromosomes (23 pair)!!!!

Bibliography:

              Medline

              Thought co

            Image Hyperlinks:

              Inspirit VR- Chromosome

            Images from Slideshow:

               Wikipedia- DNA Double Helix

               StoryMD- DNA and Histones

               Biology Online- Chromatin

               Biology Stack Exchange- Supercoiled DNA

               Reddit- Condensed Duplicated Chromosome