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Definition:
Definition:
Programmed cell death, Apoptosis is a controlled process that eliminates damaged cells without harming neighboring cells.
( Professor Dave Explains, Apoptosis: Programmed Cell Death, 2020)
Stages of Apoptosis:
Signal Activation
Execution Phase
Engulfment
- Signal Activation
This is triggered by internal signals, (such as DNA damage), or external signals (such as immune response).
(Genome, Apoptosis Definition, 2019)
2. Execution Phase
2. Execution Phase
Caspases are an enzyme that break down cellular components.
(Genome, Apoptosis Definition, 2019)
3. Engulfment
3. Engulfment
Immune cells called Phagocytes consume the apoptotic bodies which prevent inflammation.
(Genome, Apoptosis Definition, 2019)
Importance:
Apoptosis maintains tissue health by removing damages or harmful cells.
This plays a huge role in embryonic development such as removing webbing which is found in between the fingers.
( Professor Dave Explains, Apoptosis: Programmed Cell Death, 2020)
What happens to failed apoptosis?
When apoptosis fails, it means the cell that was supposed to die is still alive. As these failed attempts add on it can lead to a unfavorable number of damaged cells. These cells can potentially contribute to cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimers). (Professor Dave Explains, Apoptosis: Programmed Cell Death, 2020)
Bibliography:
Image Hyperlinks:
ResearchGate-Apoptosis
ResearchGate-Signal Activation
TeachMePhsiology- Execution Phase
Nature- Engulfment
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