Research Citations

Admin. "Facts about The Orphan Train Movement: America's Largest Child Migration." Entry posted March 3, 2016. Accessed November 1, 2023. https://noyeshome.org/blog/the-orphan-train-americas-largest-child-migration/#:~ 

Adoption in Child Time. "Foster Children Underserved, Especially Minorities." Adoption in Child Time. Last modified March 10, 2018. Accessed January 25, 2024. https://adoptioninchildtime.org/bondingbook/foster-children-underserved-especially-minorities.  

BetterHelp Editorial Team. "Impact of Growing up in the Foster Care System on Mental Health." Betterhelp. Last modified December 27, 2023. Accessed January 8, 2024. https://www.betterhelp.com/advice/inclusive-mental-health/impact-of-growing-up-in-foster-care-on-mental-health/.   

Booth Law. "Abuse in the California Foster Care System." Booth Law. Accessed January 26, 2024. https://booth.law/california-foster-care-system/.   

Casey, Annie E. "Child Welfare and Foster Care Statistics." The Annie Casey Foundation. Last modified May 16, 2022. Accessed September 19, 2023. https://www.aecf.org/blog/child-welfare-and-foster-care-statistics#:~: 

Chhin, Rachana. "Foster Care Is an Ancient, Great Work of Love." Texas Catholic Conference of Bishops. Accessed October 11, 2023. https://txcatholic.org/stjosephministry/an-ancient-great-work-of-love/ .  

Child Welfare Information Gateway. "Adoption Assistance for Children Adopted from Foster Care." Child Welfare Information Gateway. Last modified June 2020. Accessed November 5, 2023. https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubpdfs/f_subsid.pdf . 

Christian Art Publishers, ed. KJV Holy Bible. King James Version.

Doucet, Melanie M. "Children and Youth Services Review." Elsevier. Accessed January 26, 2024. https://fieldcenteratpenn.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Independent-living-programs-and-services-for-youth-aging-out-of-care.pdf .  

Focus for Health Foundation. "Sex Abuse and the Foster Care System." Focus for Health.org. Last modified January 1, 2023. Accessed October 8, 2023. https://www.focusforhealth.org/sex-abuse-and-the-foster-care-system/.   

Globe and Mail (Toronto, Canada). "Foster Care and Abuse." October 6, 2003, A18. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A108556576/GIC?u=mlin_s_font&sid=bookmark-GIC&xid=4a8975f9.  

HealthyChildrenden.org. "Child Abuse and Neglect: What Parents Should Know." HealthyChildren.org. Last modified March 16, 2022. Accessed October 8, 2023. https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-home/Pages/What-to-Know-about-Child-Abuse.aspx 

IFoster. "How Does the Foster Care System Work?" iFoster. Last modified October 22, 2022. Accessed November 21, 2023. https://www.ifoster.org/blogs/how-does-the-foster-care-system-work   

Koh, Elizabeth, and Jason Laughlin. "Domestic Assault Victims Confront DCF Penalty: In Massachusetts and Nationwide, Child Welfare Agencies Often Cite Abuse Victims for Child Neglect, Essentially Holding Them Responsible for Their Own Victimization, Advocates Say." Boston Globe (Boston, Mass.), 2023. https://www.proquest.com/newspapers/domestic-assault-victims-confront-dcf-penalty/docview/2862896305/se-2?accountid=48905  . 

KVC Health Systems. "Foster Care in America: Realities, Challenges and Solutions." KVC Health Systems. Last modified March 30, 2022. Accessed January 26, 2024. https://www.kvc.org/blog/foster-care-in-america/.  

Lang, Diana, and Wikipedia Contributors. "Child Abuse, Neglect, and Foster Care." Iowa State University. Accessed September 18, 2023. https://iastate.pressbooks.pub/parentingfamilydiversity/chapter/2068/.   

Martin, Paul. "The Epidemic of Childhood Trauma in the US Foster Care System and How Christians can Help." Focus on the Family. Last modified November 31, 2021. Accessed October 9, 2023. https://www.focusonthefamily.com/pro-life/the-epidemic-of-childhood-trauma-in-the-us-foster-care-system-and-how-christians-can-help/.  

"Massachusetts." Table. Massachusetts. Accessed September 19, 2023. https://cwoutcomes.acf.hhs.gov/cwodatasite/pdf/massachusetts.html.  

Mass.gov. Foster Care. Accessed January 25, 2024. https://www.mass.gov/foster-care. 

———. "Support for Foster and Adoptive Parents." Mass.gov. Accessed October 11, 2023. https://www.mass.gov/info-details/supports-for-foster-and-adoptive-parents 

Merriam-Webster, ed. "Christianity." Merriam-Webster. Last modified January 25, 2024. Accessed February 15, 2024. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Christianity  . 

National Children's Alliance. "National Statistics on Child Abuse." National Children's Alliance. Last modified January 1, 2022. Accessed October 11, 2023. https://www.nationalchildrensalliance.org/media-room/national-statistics-on-child-abuse/ 

Oswald, Sylvia H., Katharina Heil, and Lutz Goldbeck. "History of Maltreatment and Mental Health Problems in Foster Children: A Review of the Literature." Oxford Academic. Last modified December 10, 2009. Accessed September 19, 2023. https://academic.oup.com/jpepsy/article/35/5/462/890580 .  

PAUL, POPE, VI. "OCTOGESIMA ADVENIENS." OCTOGESIMA ADVENIENS. Last modified May 14, 1971. Accessed February 12, 2024. https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/en/apost_letters/documents/hf_p-vi_apl_19710514_octogesima-adveniens.html.  

Pekarsky, Alicia R. "Overview of Child Neglect and Abuse." MSD MANUAL Consumer Version. Last modified November 1, 2022. Accessed October 8, 2023. https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/child-neglect-and-abuse/overview-of-child-neglect-and-abuse#:~ 

Pokempner, Jenny, and Jennifer Rodriguez. "Foster Care In the United States: A Timeline." Teen Vogue, May 13, 2018. Accessed November 3, 2023. https://www.teenvogue.com/story/foster-care-in-the-united-states-a-timeline.  

Roman, Nan P., and Phyllis B. Wolfe. "The Relationship between Foster Care and Homelessness." Public Welfare, Winter 1997, 4+. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A19354297/PPCJ?u=mlin_s_font&sid=bookmark-PPCJ xid=3a1b4687 . 

Sethi, Ashika. "A Brief History of Foster Care in the United States." Casa of Travis County. Last modified May 24, 2021. Accessed October 8, 2023. https://www.casatravis.org/a_brief_history_of_foster_care_in_the_united_states.   

———. "What You Should Know About Disproportionality." Casa of Travis County. Last modified October 26, 2021. Accessed January 9, 2024. https://www.casatravis.org/what_you_should_know_about_disproportionality#: 

St. Christopher. "Our Founder's Legacy." St. Christopher. Last modified February 1, 2023. Accessed November 5, 2023. https://mystchristophers.org/about-us/our-founder-her-legacy/our-founder-her-legacy.html 

The St. Petersburg Times (St. Petersburg, FL). "Abuse in Foster Care." November 26, 2001, 12A. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A80323289/GIC?u=mlin_s_font&sid=bookmark-GIC xid=f3198e86 .  

Studay.com. "Social Structure Definition and Elements." Study.com. Accessed January 26, 2024. https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-social-structure-of-society-definition-theory-quiz.html#:~ 

Study.com. Last modified November 11, 2023. Accessed January 9, 2024. https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-foster-care-definition-history-facts.html 

Tumolo, Steve. "The Big Story." Google Docs. Last modified 2022. Accessed February 16, 2024. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1jJUgjjjkgb_cbAmX-55eqfVsZN_77F8m0Ac1euZibdA/edit.   

United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. "Call to Family, Community, and Participation." United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Last modified 2024. Accessed February 12, 2024. https://www.usccb.org/beliefs-and-teachings/what-we-believe/catholic-social-teaching/call-to-family-community-and-participation.   

———. "Life and Dignity of the Human Person." United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Last modified 2024. Accessed February 12, 2024. https://www.usccb.org/beliefs-and-teachings/what-we-believe/catholic-social-teaching/life-and-dignity-of-the-human-person.  

———. "Seven Themes of Catholic Social Teaching." United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Last modified 2024. Accessed February 12, 2024. https://www.usccb.org/beliefs-and-teachings/what-we-believe/catholic-social-teaching/seven-themes-of-catholic-social-teaching . 

Voices for Children. "History of Foster Care." Voices for Children. Last modified May 25, 2020. Accessed November 5, 2023. https://www.speakupnow.org/history-of-foster-care/.  

Wikimedia Foundation. "Internalized Oppression." Wikipedia. Last modified December 17, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internalized_oppression#:~   

Wild Apricot. "HISTORY OF FOSTER CARE IN THE UNITED STATES" [National Foster Parent Association]. NFPA. Accessed September 19, 2023. https://nfpaonline.org/page-1105741.  

Williams, John. "Red flags missed, former foster children say they endured abuse for years." Interview by Kathy Curran. Red flags missed, former foster children say they endured abuse for years. Produced by WCVB 5 ABC. WCVB 5 ABC, 2019.