Caesar, Julius. Works by Julius Caesar. The dates vary, but fall around 58-52 BC / BCE.
Some works include The Historians of Ancient Rome, The Gallic War, and The Civil War. Sources say that only the books on the Gallic and Civil Wars survive / exist today; the site linked above includes five books, all on various wars of antiquity. While no quotes appear to come from these texts, it is possible Shakespeare skimmed OR scoured them.
Plutarch. Caesar. The Parallel Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans. c. 100-200 AD / CE. It is likely that Shakespeare got his information from Thomas North's English translation.
Tranquillus, C. Suetonius. The Twelve Caesars. 121 AD / CE. Project Gutenberg (Online - pub. 2006).
Shakespeare "borrowed" the line "Et tu, Brute" from Suetonius (the translation of his line was more like, "You too, my child?" ["Kai su teknon?" Greek], thus he must have read that line, and likely more. Shakespeare may also borrow the rumor that Brutus was Caesar's son, but does not mention it explicitly. Despite this ellipsis, Shakespeare was certainly aware of the rumor as it was in Suetonius' and Plutarch's texts, and scholars suspect he may be alluding to it when Antony calls Brutus "Caesar's Angel" in his funeral oration.