The Internet
The Internet is a global network of computers connected together. It allows people to access information from around the world. It consists of millions of computers, servers, and networks that are constantly communicating with each other.
The Internet works by connecting computers together using cables, wires, and wireless signals. These connections create a network of computers that can communicate with each other.
Data is sent from one computer to another using protocols, which are a set of rules that computers use to communicate with each other.
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How Data moves through the Internet
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Data is packaged into packets for transfer over the internet. Packets are small chunks of data that contain source and destination addresses, as well as other information that helps route the data. Each packet is sent individually and reassembled at the destination.
Packets are sent through a network of computers and routers, which are responsible for routing the data to its destination. Routers use the destination address to determine the best path for the packet to take. The packet is then passed from router to router until it reaches its destination.
To ensure that data is not corrupted or lost during transfer, packets are validated by the recipient. The recipient checks the packet against the source address and data size to ensure it is valid. If the packet is valid, it is accepted, and the data is reassembled.
If a packet is lost or corrupted, the recipient can request that the packet be resent. This ensures that data is not lost during transfer and is received in the same condition as it was sent.
Data is often encrypted to ensure that it is secure during transfer. Encryption scrambles the data so that it is unreadable by anyone who does not have the encryption key. This prevents outsiders from accessing the data during transfer.
Encryption also helps to ensure the integrity of the data. If the data is changed during transfer, the recipient can detect the change and reject the data. This ensures that the data is not corrupted during transfer.
Data is often compressed to reduce the amount of data that needs to be transferred. Compression algorithms reduce the size of the data by removing redundant information. This reduces the amount of time it takes to transfer the data, as well as the amount of bandwidth required.
Data is often stored on servers or other storage devices for long-term access. Data can be stored in a variety of formats, including text files, databases, and other types of files. Data is often encrypted to ensure that it is secure while stored.
Data can be stored on the cloud, which is a network of servers that are connected to the internet. Data stored on the cloud is accessible from anywhere in the world, making it easy to access data from any device.
Data can be retrieved from storage devices or servers using a variety of methods. Data can be retrieved using a web browser, FTP client, or another type of software. Data can also be retrieved using APIs, which allow applications to access data stored on remote servers.
Data can also be retrieved using search engines, which allow users to search for data stored on the internet. Search engines use algorithms to index and rank data, making it easier to find the data that users are looking for.
Data is often stored on servers or other storage devices for long-term access. Data can be stored in a variety of formats, including text files, databases, and other types of files. Data is often encrypted to ensure that it is secure while stored.
Data can be stored on the cloud, which is a network of servers that are connected to the internet. Data stored on the cloud is accessible from anywhere in the world, making it easy to access data from any device.
Network protocols are the rules and regulations that govern how data is sent and received over the internet. These protocols are responsible for ensuring that data is sent securely and efficiently and that data is not corrupted or lost. Different protocols are used for different types of data, such as voice, video, and text.
Network routers are devices responsible for routing data from one device to another. Routers are responsible for finding the most efficient route for data to travel and for ensuring that data packets are not lost or corrupted. Routers are also responsible for managing traffic on the network.
Network switches are devices responsible for connecting multiple devices on a network. Switches are responsible for managing traffic on the network and ensuring that data is sent to the correct device. Switches are also responsible for ensuring that data is sent securely and efficiently.
The Internet's Domain Name System (DNS)
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The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical and decentralised naming system for computers, services, or other resources connected to the Internet or a private network.
It translates domain names (like example.com) to IP addresses (like 192.168.1.1). This allows users to access websites, send emails, and more.
How Domain Name System Works
DNS is composed of several components, including the domain name space, the Domain Name System servers, and the resolvers. The domain name space is a tree-like hierarchy of domain names.
The Domain Name System servers are responsible for translating the domain names into IP addresses. The resolvers are responsible for sending the requests to the Domain Name System servers and returning the results back to the user.
Advantages of Domain Name System
The Domain Name System is a critical component of the Internet, allowing users to easily access websites, send emails, and more. It also provides a layer of security, as domain names are easier to remember than IP addresses.
The Domain Name System also allows for domain name registration, which allows businesses and individuals to establish their own unique domain names.
The Domain Name System can be vulnerable to attacks, such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, which can cause websites to become unavailable. Additionally, the Domain Name System is not secure and can be vulnerable to spoofing.
The Domain Name System can also be slow and unreliable, as it relies on the Domain Name System servers to translate domain names into IP addresses. This can lead to slow loading times for websites and other services.
The Domain Name System is used to access websites, send emails, and more. It is also used to register domain names, which allows businesses and individuals to establish their unique domain names.
The Domain Name System is also used to provide a layer of security, as domain names are easier to remember than IP addresses. Additionally, the Domain Name System can be used to protect against malicious attacks, such as DDoS attacks.
Recap on Domain Name System
The Domain Name System is a critical component of the Internet, allowing users to easily access websites, send emails, and more. It provides a layer of security, as domain names are easier to remember than IP addresses.
The Domain Name System also allows for domain name registration, which allows businesses and individuals to establish their own unique domain names. However, it is vulnerable to attacks, such as DDoS attacks, and can be slow and unreliable.
Lesson Plan and Presentation on Internet Connectivity
Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) Report 2020
Study this graph which shows where the 28 EU Member States in 2020 ranked with regard to Digital Technology Usage. Over the last five years, Ireland was the fastest growing Member State in the EU. Based on data prior to the pandemic, Ireland continues to rank first in the Integration of digital technology dimension, and has maintained a leading position in the use of e-Commerce by SMEs. It entered the ‘top 10’ on the Use of internet by individuals and recorded a notable increase in the share of internet users. It maintained its top 10 position in digital public services, where it excels in open data and the provision of digital public services for businesses. There was no substantial change in Ireland`s position in the Human capital and Connectivity dimensions despite some improvement in key indicators where it has been lagging behind, such as the digital skills of the wider population.
Test Test
Source: DESI Report on Fast Growing Digital [accessed 29/10/20]
Click on the following web link to launch an Interactive Connectivity Map which shows connectivity changes in the various regions in Ireland from January 2020 to March 2020. Look to see which regions increased connectivity levels and which regions did not increase connectivity levels in that time frame.
CSO Statistics
Look at the following two info-graphs for the Central Statistics Office. Are there any statistics that surprise you and why? In a group environment discuss your view points with 2-3 others in your class.
Review the statistics on the 5 images in the image carousel below and note down anything thing that:
surprised you and why?
did not surprise you and why?