Colleges award scholarships in different ways, and it’s important to understand the distinction between schools that meet full financial need and those that follow a merit-based model. Schools that meet need typically calculate how much a family can contribute and cover the rest with financial aid, but most of these institutions do not offer merit scholarships—or if they do, they reserve them for the very top 1% of applicants. On the other hand,  colleges that use a merit model award scholarships based on academic achievement, leadership, or talents, regardless of financial need. The best strategy for earning a merit scholarship is to apply to schools where your academic profile (grades, test scores, rigor of courses) is stronger than the typical admitted student’s, as this makes you a more competitive candidate for their top awards.