This is the Arduino, the actual computer itself in your kit, with this anything is possible. It has analog and digital inputs on both sides. It has a USB port to import code and even has a battery connector if needed as well. It's primary function is to run the code while the extensions do the physical actions.

These are cables that work as a bridge from the Arduino to the breadboard. They carry electricity, and with that the code. These cables transfer everything from the Arduino to the breadboard extensions. Without them you couldn't do anything!

This is your breadboard, a major component in all your projects. This is where all your components are hooked up. All the wires, LED'S, potentiometers, you name. It fits into this bad boy. It directs electricity form the wires into your components, and is the second most valuable thing next to your Arduino!

These are resistors. There are different kinds, each with their own properties. The difference is the oh-mage. In your kit you have two types of resistors, 45X 330 0hm resistors and 45X 10K resistors. Both are used in most if not all projects. They stop the flow of electricity and slow it down. It makes it safer to use so you wont blow your LED's or other electronic applications!