Mental computation is the most common form of computation used in everyday life. ... Mental computation refers to the process of working out and obtaining exact or approximate answers mentally. When calculating mentally, students select from a range of strategies, depending on the numbers used and their repertoire of strategies.
The importance of mental computation has been identified by a considerable body of research.
It has been found that nearly 80% of all calculations by adults are carried out mentally, and that frequently estimation is sufficient.
Approaches to calculation in school should reflect the demands of everyday life, as explained in the article Put Mental Computation First? (below right).
Research also indicates that an emphasis on mental computation can improve students' development of number, while an early introduction to formal written methods can harm it.
The Australian Curriculum: Mathematics includes mental strategies as well as written and technology-based methods.
Mental strategies provide an important window into students' understanding of number.
3.1 Use accurate mathematics terminology and concepts, as planned with teacher/s, to support students’ learning
3.2 Encourage students to improve mental computation and calculation skills using strategies appropriate to students’ developmental levels
3.3 Ensure students check for reasonableness of solutions when calculating, using a range of strategies including estimating and technology
3.4 Encourage students and build their confidence to attempt problem-solving that requires the use of mathematics knowledge and skills