Define a pure substance and identify pure substances and mixtures from data about melting and boiling points
Describe a formulation and identify formulations given appropriate information
Describe chromatography, including the terms stationary phase and mobile phase and identify pure substances using paper chromatography
Explain what the Rf value of a compound represents, how the Rf value differs in different solvents and interpret and determine Rf values from chromatograms
Required practical 12: investigate how paper chromatography can be used to separate and tell the difference between coloured substances (inc calculation of Rf values)
Explain how to test for the presence of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and chlorine
Chem ONLY: Identify some metal ions from the results of flame tests and describe how to conduct a flame test
Chem ONLY: Describe how sodium hydroxide solution can be used to identify some metal ions and identify metal ions from the results of their reactions with sodium hydroxide solution
Chem ONLY: Write balanced equations for the reactions between sodium hydroxide solution and some metal ions to produce insoluble hydroxides
Chem ONLY: Describe how to identify carbonates using limewater
Chem ONLY: Describe how to identify negative ions, including halide ions using silver nitrate and sulfate ions using barium chloride
Required practical 7: use of chemical tests to identify the ions in unknown single ionic compounds
Chem ONLY: State the advantages of using instrumental methods to identify elements and compounds compared to chemical tests
Chem ONLY: Describe the process of and how to use flame emission spectroscopy to identify metal ions; interpret the results of a flame emission spectroscopy tests