State that mass is conserved and explain why, including describing balanced equations in terms of conservation of mass
Explain the use of the multipliers in equations in normal script before a formula and in subscript within a formula
Describe what the relative formula mass (Mr) of a compound is and calculate the relative formula mass of a compound, given its formula
Calculate the relative formula masses of reactants and products to prove that mass is conserved in a balanced chemical equation
Explain observed changes of mass during chemical reactions in non-enclosed systems using the particle model when given the balanced symbol equation
Explain why whenever a measurement is made there is always some uncertainty about the result obtained
HT ONLY: State that chemical amounts are measured in moles (mol) and explain what a mol is with reference to relative formula mass and Avogadro's constant
HT ONLY: Use the relative formula mass of a substance to calculate the number of moles in a given mass of the substance
HT ONLY: Calculate the masses of reactants and products when given a balanced symbol equation
HT ONLY: Use moles to write a balanced equation when given the masses of reactants and products (inc changing the subject of the equation)
HT ONLY: Explain the effect of limiting the quantity of a reactant on the amount of products in terms of moles or masses in grams
Calculate the mass of solute in a given volume of solution of known concentration in terms of mass per given volume of solution
HT ONLY: Explain how the mass of a solute and the volume of a solution is related to the concentration of the solution
Chem ONLY: Explain why it is not always possible to obtain the calculated or expected amount of a product
Chem ONLY: Calculate the theoretical amount of a product and percentage yield of a product using the formula % yield = mass of product made/max theoretical mass of product x 100
Chem & HT ONLY: Calculate the theoretical mass of a product from a given mass of reactant and the balanced equation for the reaction
Chem ONLY: Describe atom economy as a measure of the amount of reactants that end up as useful products
Chem ONLY: Calculate the percentage atom economy of a reaction to form a desired product using the equation % atom economy =RfM of desired product/sum of RfM of all reactants x 100
Chem & HT ONLY: Explain why a particular reaction pathway is chosen to produce a specified product, given appropriate data
Chem & HT ONLY: Calculate the amount of solute (in moles or grams) in a solution from its concentration in mol/dm3
Chem & HT ONLY: Calculate the concentration of a solution when it reacts completely with another solution of a known concentration
Chem & HT ONLY: Describe how to carry out titrations of strong acids and strong alkalis and calculate quantities in titrations involving concentrations in mol/dm3 and g/dm3
Chem & HT ONLY: Explain how the concentration of a solution in mol/dm3 is related to the mass of the solute and the volume of the solution
Chem & HT ONLY: Explain what the volume of one mole of any gas at room temperature is
Chem & HT ONLY: Calculate the volume of a gas at room temperature and pressure from its mass and relative formula mass