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For the majority of time, humankind has viewed our solar system as geocentric; Earth as the center of the solar system. This perspective met opposition from Copernicus who presented a heliocentric model of the solar system; the Sun as the center of the solar system. Since the geocentric theory was held for so long, it became a part of the status quo, and so when the helio centric model was first proposed it was largely rejected. The change from seeing the planet one inhabits as the center of everything, to now being understood as merely a part of system had major internal impacts of the human race. In addition, the heliocentric model made the universe make a little more sense, as to understanding astral movements.
Mankind thought of themselves as the beings home to the center of the universe.
The Geocentric model of the universe forced astronomers of adapt to fact the planets would sometimes appear to be moving backwards in the sky. Astronomers were forced to come up with an explanation, so they come up with the model to the right.