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Mars is tilted at 25.19 degrees, meaning that it experiences seasons similar to those on Earth (tilted at 23.5 degrees). Mars has a Winter, a Spring, a Summer, and a Fall.
Mars is a very cold planet, with an average temperature of -80 degrees fahrenheit, ranging from -225 degrees fahrenheit to 70 degrees fahrenheit.
Large dust storms are very common on Mars, especially during perihelion (when Mars is closest to the sun) due to the lack of moisture in the air.
Mars is a rocky planet with many mountains and craters. Due to the changes in altitude, the gravity on the planet slightly varies depending on the location. The color coded bar at the bottom of the picture shows the changes in gravity throughout the planet.
The planet is relatively small, about half the size of Earth, so the gravity is very small compared to Earth’s.
The gravity is 3.711 m/s^2, about .38 times Earth’s 9.807 m/s^2.
That means that you would weigh about 2/5th's lighter on Mars than you do on Earth!
Colonization is quite far in the future. NASA plans to be landing astronauts on Mars by 2037 and has already been studying the potential to take extended visits to celestial objects. Before going to Mars they are setting up a permanent base camp on the moon and already have found a way to convert the CO2 in Mars' atmosphere into oxygen via the Perseverance rover. They are making sure to be as ready as possible to make the trip to Mars.
Permanent settlements on Mars are not impossible if properly located and with enough technology. The technology would include proper heating, shelter from dust storms, electricity, a renewable food source, and a consistent way to produce oxygen. We have or are making adequate ways to make these technologies. Going beyond conventional heating, NASA converts the radioactive decay from plutonium to create heat and in turn, is also used for fuel. They have showcased the ability to provide shelter with the InSight lander. Solar panels were and still are a viable source of energy in space. NASA has just grown plants in Lunar soil which provides hope for a breakthrough in Martian soil. As stated before, the Perseverance rover has already created oxygen. (NASA)