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Image 4 - Egyptian hierogylyphics: Alaa, Habeba. “Ancient Egyptian Art.” Swan Bazaar, 1 Dec. 2020, www.swanbazaar.com/Blog/post/ancient-egyptian-art?srsltid=AfmBOoo-N3kzM2jhh-hnSn9GJNhQV4L2IA8xBZY1T1i56MHkfotZeQBQ.
Image 1 - Escolano-Poveda, Marina. “Egypt’s Pharaohs Welcomed Summer With This Fabulous Festival.” History, 3 May 2021, www.nationalgeographic.com/history/history-magazine/article/ancient-egypt-royal-feast.
Image 2 - “Traditional Egyptian Dishes: A Gastronomic Journey Through the Flavors of Egypt.” Domina, 29 Apr. 2024, www.domina.it/en/blog/traditional-egyptian-dishes-a-gastronomic-journey-through-the-flavors-of-egypt.
“Timeline of ancient Egypt.” The British Museam, www.britishmuseum.org/learn/schools/ages-7-11/ancient-egypt/timeline-ancient-egypt. Accessed 14 Nov. 2025.
Digital Giza |. giza.fas.harvard.edu/giza3d.
Image of a doctoral figure using a medicinal vase The archaeologist. “Medicine in Ancient Egypt.” The Archaeologist, 28 Feb. 2022, www.thearchaeologist.org/blog/medicine-in-ancient-egypt
Calander
Calander
Works Cited
Antonio, Juan, and Belmonte Avilés. “Some Open Questions on the Egyptian Calendar: An Astronomer’s View.” TdE, vol. 2, 2003, mmolipol.webs.ull.es/TdE2/TdE2-1Belmonte.pdf.
“Egyptian Calendar | EBSCO.” EBSCO Information Services, Inc. | Www.ebsco.com, 2023, www.ebsco.com/research-starters/history/egyptian-calendar.
Parker, R. A. “Ancient Egyptian Astronomy.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, vol. 276, no. 1257, 1974, pp. 51–65. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/74274. Accessed 30 Oct. 2025.
The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. “Egyptian Calendar | Dating System.” Encyclopædia Britannica, 8 June 2017, www.britannica.com/science/Egyptian-calendar.
Winlock, H. E. “The Origin of the Ancient Egyptian Calendar.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 83, no. 3, 1940, pp. 447–64. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/985113. Accessed 30 Oct. 2025
Irrigation
Irrigation
Works Cited
CONWAY, DECLAN. “The Climate and Hydrology of the Upper Blue Nile River.” The Geographical Journal, vol. 166, no. 1, Mar. 2000, pp. 49–62, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4959.2000.tb00006.x.
El-Agha, Doaa E., et al. “Performance Assessment of Irrigation Water Management in Old Lands of the Nile Delta of Egypt.” Irrigation and Drainage Systems, vol. 25, no. 4, Nov. 2011, pp. 215–36, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10795-011-9116-z.
Lyons, Henry G. “IRRIGATION in EGYPT.” Geography, vol. 15, no. 3, Geographical Association, 1929, pp. 179–85, https://doi.org/10.2307/40559046. JSTOR.
Mahmoud, M. A., and A. Z. El-Bably. “Crop Water Requirements and Irrigation Efficiencies in Egypt.” The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Jan. 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2017_42.
Negm, Abdelazim M. “The Nile River.” the Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Springer Nature, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59088-2.
Osman, Rehab, et al. “Water Scarcity and Irrigation Efficiency in Egypt.” Water Economics and Policy, vol. 02, no. 04, Dec. 2016, p. 1650009, https://doi.org/10.1142/s2382624x16500090.
SWAIN, ASHOK. “Ethiopia, the Sudan, and Egypt: The Nile River Dispute.” The Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 35, no. 4, Dec. 1997, pp. 675–94, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x97002577.
Mathematics
Mathematics
Background Image: https://www.advancedscreenprintsupply.com/product2607.html?srsltid=AfmBOopGFGI3pORkWpsVj7EBFi6EPHXXKUazxLrVf04fTpng-jZTjeq4
Title Image: https://www.bibleandscience.com/store/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=1118
Rhind Papyrus Image (entrance page room link image & "image of the Rhind Papyrus") (red and black ink): https://www.britannica.com/topic/Rhind-papyrus
Rhind Papyrus Image 2 (triangles): https://www.britishmuseum.org/blog/learn-maths-egyptian-secrets-rhind-mathematical-papyrus
Egyptian Drawing with Numbers and Symbols & Image Carousel (image 3): https://historicaleve.com/history-of-ancient-egyptian-numbers/
Egyptian Numeral Carving: https://www.shutterstock.com/search/egyptian-mathematics?dd_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F
Medicine
Medicine
Images:
Information:
Chrysopoulos, Philip. “Medicine in Ancient Greece and Egypt ” GreekReporter.com 26 Oct. 2025, greekreporter.com/2025/10/26/medicine-ancient-greece-egypt/
Greenspan, Jesse. “How Ancient Egypt Advanced Medicine | HISTORY.” HISTORY, 29 May 2024, www.history.com/articles/ancient-egyptian-medicine-cancer-treatment
Metwaly, Ahmed M. “Traditional Ancient Egyptian Medicine: A Review.” Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, vol. 28, no. 10, 19 June 2021,www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8459052/#:~:text=The%20ancient%20Egyptians%20practiced%20medicine,could%20diagnose%20diabetes%20and%20cancer , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.044
Singh, Ajai. “Modern Medicine: Towards Prevention, Cure, Well-Being and Longevity.” Mens Sana Monographs, vol. 8, no. 1, 2010, p. 17, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3031942/ , https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1229.58817
Team, ETP. “Ancient Egyptian Medicine.” Egypt Tours Portal, Egypt Tours Portal, 6 Aug. 2019, www.egypttoursportal.com/en-us/ancient-egyptian-medicine/
Zimmerman, Michael. Practicing Medicine in Ancient Egypt. 2017.
Papyrus Paper
Papyrus Paper
Capua, Rebecca. “Papyrus-Making in Egypt.” The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1 Mar. 2015, www.metmuseum.org/essays/papyrus-making-in-egypt.
Griffith, F. L. “A Medical Papyrus From Egypt.” The British Medical Journal 1, no. 1692 (1893): 1172–74. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20224660.
Kamrin, Janice. “Papyrus in Ancient Egypt.” The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1 Mar. 2015, www.metmuseum.org/essays/papyrus-in-ancient-egypt.
Lewis, Naphtali. “Papyrus and Ancient Writing: The First Hundred Years of Papyrology.” Archaeology, vol. 36, no. 4, 1983, pp. 31–37. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41728718. Accessed 11 Nov. 2025.
Ryan, Donald P. “Papyrus.” The Biblical Archaeologist, vol. 51, no. 3, 1988, pp. 132–40. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/3210063. Accessed 11 Nov. 2025.
Title page: “Egypt Papyrus Images – Browse 16,162 Stock Photos, Vectors, and Video.” Adobe Stock, stock.adobe.com/search?k=egypt+papyrus.
Image 1: Nguyễn, S. (2021b, November 12). The Ebers Papyrus: Ancient Egyptian medical text reveals medico-magical beliefs and beneficial treatments. Xã Luận Tin Nóng. https://www.xaluannews.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=3315671
Image 2: Ancient Egyptian Medicine - Smith Papyrus - Ebers Papyrus. www.crystalinks.com/egyptmedicine.html.
Image 3: Reed Pen Facts for Kids. kids.kiddle.co/Reed_pen.
Image 4: Horticulture, Sfa. “Cyperus Papyrus, Papyrus — Horticulture Is Awesome!” Horticulture Is Awesome!, 12 Oct. 2020, www.horticultureisawesome.com/plant-profiles/2020/10/12/cyperus-papyrus-papyrus.
Image 5: Instructables. “How to Make Papyrus Paper.” Instructables, 14 Apr. 2019, www.instructables.com/How-to-Make-Papyrus-Paper.
Other links:
Make Papyrus From Paper. education.theiet.org/primary/teaching-resources/make-papyrus.
---. www.ancient-egypt-online.com/papyrus.html.
Whittaker, Matt. “From Tablets to Papyrus: When Was Paper Invented? | TheCollector.” TheCollector, www.thecollector.com/when-was-the-invention-of-paper.
Pyramids
Pyramids
Dr. Amy Calvert, "Pyramid of Khafre and the Great Sphinx," in Smarthistory, August 8, 2015, accessed November 13, 2025, https://smarthistory.org/pyramid-of-khafre-and-the-great-sphinx/.
Borisov, Konstantin. “The Egyptian Pyramids—Connection to Rain and Nile Flood Anomalies.” Archaeological Discovery, vol. 12, no. 1, Jan. 2024, pp. 46–65. https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=130369.
Lobell, Jarrett. “Features - inside King Tut’s Tomb - Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2019.” Archaeology Magazine, 13 June 2024, archaeology.org/issues/may-june-2019/features/inside-king-tut-s-tomb/.
Editors, HISTORY com. “Egyptian Pyramids - Facts, Use & Construction.” HISTORY, 14 Oct. 2009, https://www.history.com/articles/the-egyptian-pyramids.
Image #1 (Header)- https://www.heritagedaily.com/2021/01/the-ancient-egyptian-pyramids/134365
Image #3- https://historyfacts.com/science-industry/article/how-were-the-egyptian-pyramids-built/
Image #4- https://aeraweb.org/projects/lost-city/
Works Cited
Works Cited
Head image - AlSayyad, Nezar. “Cairo.” Britannica, 27 Nov. 2025, www.britannica.com/place/Cairo. Accessed 30 Nov. 2025.
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