Image #4b: statue of Imhotep
The invention of Medicine in ancient Egypt was developed in the Nile Valley around 3000 B.C. Most of our information on Egyptian Medicine comes from the Ebers and Edwin Smith papyrus. In an autobiography from the Greek historian Herodotus, he stated that doctors in Egypt were very diverse and each could only cure one disease and another doctor a different disease.
Doctors in Egypt also believed that most illnesses came from supernatural forces such as spirits, demons or unhappy gods. This might have been thought because Ancient Egypt was Polytheistic like many other civilizations such as Mesopotamia, Persia, Greece, early Italy, etc. This medicine also increased the life expectancy of Egyptians at the time, but it is unsure how much the life expectancy exactly increased. Other than increasing life expectancy, medicine and early surgical practices also led to the knowledge of disorders like dental, gynecological, gastrointestinal, and urinary disorders. Although the knowledge and cures of these disorders were significant Egyptian doctors lacked knowledge of internal anatomy.
Image #4c: Depiction of a ritual after the death of a Pharaoh
Image #4d: Diet of a standard Egyptian
Another fact about their medicine is that it was used to preserve a pharaoh’s body during the mummification process. During the time of the ancient Greeks and Roman empire, Egyptian medicine greatly influenced the Romans' use of Medicine and surgical practices. The origin of their medicine came from herbs growing around the Nile River, using these herbs Egyptians were able to create more effective and advanced medicine. But sometimes this medicine was ineffective or backfired causing horrible side effects to the patient, sometimes even death, nausea, vomiting, etc. Going back to the discovery of disorders, those disorders struck fear into their civilization along the Nile but in the house of life doctors of all sorts were working on different cures for these many disorders giving hope to their people and even Gods like Isis, Sekhmet, and Imhotep. As doctors and physicians researched and discovered more medicines and ways to stay healthy, basic health measures began to rise, things like nutrition and exercise.
The development of ancient Egyptian medicine by the Ancient Egyptian physicians had a significant impact in that it Influenced Greek and Roman Medicinal practices, and the second impact of Egyptian medicine was solutions to health among the Egyptian people by curing dental, gynecological, gastrointestinal, and urinary disorders.
Development of ancient Egyptian medicine started in the 4th millennium B.C. As their medicine advanced it made way for a stronger civilization and less downsides. The types of disorders the Egyptians discovered caused diversity and specific abilities among doctors and efficient ways of curing a disease in a magical or scientific way.
Image #4e: Depiction of an (odd) medicinal ritual
Fun Cites!
Earnest Medicine- House Calls From the Frontline. “ANCIENT Egyptian Medicine | Medical History with Dr. Brown.” YouTube, 26 Sept. 2021, www.youtube.com/watch?v=gdRNNGx9ntw Fun video about Egyptian medicine! (6 minutes)
greekreporter.com/2025/10/26/medicine-ancient-greece-egypt/ I have found the Greek reporter really interesting and reliable.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ The national library of medicine is also great for medicinal research, especially biology.