JOSEPH E. STIGLITZ is University Professor at Columbia University.He is the recipient of the 2001 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics Advisers under President Clinton and chief economist and senior vice president of the World Bank from 1997 to 2000.In the aftermath of the 2008-2009 global financial crisis,Stiglitz chaired the International Commision on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress,as well as the UN Commission on Reforms of the international Monetary and Financial System.He has tought at Princeton,Stanford,MIT,and Yale,and was the Drummond Professor at All Souls College,Oxford