Learning Objectives
Chapter 7
Vocabulary:
valence electron, electron dot structure (Lewis dot structure), octet rule, alloy, chemical formula, formula unit, chemical bond, ionic bond, ionic compound, metallic bond, cation, anion
✪ Be able to determine the number of valence electrons in an atom of a representative element, including noble gases.
✪ Explain how the octet rule applies to atoms of metallic and nonmetallic elements.
✪ Describe how cations (positive ions) are formed.
✪ Describe how anions (negative ions) are formed.
✪ Understand the movement of electrons during the formation of an ionic compound
✪ Explain the electrical charge of an ionic compound.
✪ Know what electrostatic attraction is.
✪ Describe at least three properties of ionic compounds.
✪ Describe a metallic bond.
✪ Explain how the sea of electrons leads to the properties of metals
✪ Describe an alloy.
Chapter 8
Vocabulary:
covalent bond, diatomic molecule, dispersion forces, dipole interactions (dipole-dipole), hydrogen bond, molecular compound (covalent compound), molecular formula, molecule, nonpolar covalent bond, polar covalent bond, polyatomic ion, structural formula, unshared pair (lone pair), VSEPR theory
✪ Distinguish between the properties of molecular compounds (covalently bonded compounds) and ionic compounds.
✪ Understand how the structure of ionic and covalent compounds lead to differences in their properties
✪ Describe how electrons are shared to form covalent bonds.
✪ Be able to draw electron dot diagrams (Lewis dot diagrams) and structural diagrams.
✪ Describe how atoms form double or triple covalent bonds.
✪ Describe how electronegativity values determine the distribution of charge in a polar molecule.
✪ Explain the intermolecular forces between molecules and their relative strength
Chapter 9
Vocabulary:
binary compound, monatomic ion, polyatomic ion
✪ Identify the charges on monatomic ions by using the periodic table.
✪ Be able to name ions using the periodic table.
✪ Define a polyatomic ion and write the names and formulas of the most common polyatomic ions.
✪ Apply the rules for naming and writing formulas for binary and polyatomic compounds, including the transition metals.
Lab Skills:
✪ Be able to distinguish between ionic and molecular compounds based the properties of the substance
✪ Be able to determine the relative polarity of a substance based on its properties
Breakdown of things you should know for the Unit 4 (Chapters 7, 8, and 9) Exam
Chapter 7: Ionic and Metallic Bonding – know all sections
Describe (and/or draw a model) the formation of an ionic bond (transfer of one or more electrons)
Describe the formation of a positive or negative ion
Describe a metallic bond
Explain the physical properties of metals in terms of metallic bonds
Define and describe alloys
Chapter 8: Covalent Bonding – know sections 8.1, 8.2 (only pages 217-222), 8.3 (p. 232 & 233 – VSEPR) and 8.4
Apply the octet rule to atoms that bond covalently
Describe the formation of a single, double, and triple covalent bond
Draw Lewis structures for molecules
Explain what polarity is and understand why some covalent bonds are polar and some are not.
Describe and identify inter-molecular forces (London Dispersion forces, dipole, H-bonds)
Understand how inter-molecular forces affects physical properties such as boiling point, melting point, phase (solid/liquid/gas)
Compare ionic compounds to covalent (molecular compounds) in terms of properties (see table 8.4 on page 244)
Chapter 9: Chemical Names and Formulas – Know sections 9.1, 9.2, and 9.3
· Name all ions and acids on the “memorize ions” list
· Write the formula of an ionic compound (combine two ions together and cancel their charges)
· Be able to name ionic compounds given the formula or write the formula given the name.
· Identifying the names of molecular compounds from their formulas and writing the formula given the name.
Practice Problems
Page 281 #s 44a&b, 46, 47, 52, 53i&j, 55a – c, 57, 58 a-c
Page 282 #s 65a-c, 66 a c f, 67 c e f h, 71
Page 282 #s 76, 81 a-d
Page 285 #s 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 13, 14, 15