Economics Systems ECN As societies develop, they affect and are affected by the ways that they produce, exchange, and consume goods and services.
KC-3.1.I.A.i - Improved commercial practices led to an increased volume of trade and expanded the geographical range of existing trade routes— including the Silk Roads—promoting the growth of powerful new trading cities.
KC-3.1.I.C.i - The growth of interregional trade in luxury goods was encouraged by innovations in previously existing transportation and commercial technologies, including the caravanserai, forms of credit, and the development of money economies.
KC-3.3.I.B - Demand for luxury goods increased in AfroEurasia. Chinese, Persian, and Indian artisans and merchants expanded their production of textiles and porcelains for export; manufacture of iron and steel expanded in China.
Unit 2: Learning Objective A: Explain the causes and effects of growth of networks of exchange after 1200.
Governance GOV A variety of internal and external factors contribute to state formation, expansion, and decline. Governments maintain order through a variety of administrative institutions, policies, and procedures, and governments obtain, retain, and exercise power in different ways and for different purposes.
Economics Systems ECN As societies develop, they affect and are affected by the ways that they produce, exchange, and consume goods and services.
Cultural Developments and Interactions CDI The development of ideas, beliefs, and religions illustrates how groups in society view themselves, and the interactions of societies and their beliefs often have political, social, and cultural implications.
KC-3.2.I.B.iii - Empires collapsed in different regions of the world and in some areas were replaced by new imperial states, including the Mongol khanates.
KC-3.1.I.E.i - The expansion of empires—including the Mongols—facilitated Afro-Eurasian trade and communication as new people were drawn into their conquerors’ economies and trade networks.
KC-3.2.II.A.ii - Interregional contacts and conflicts between states and empires, including the Mongols, encouraged significant technological and cultural transfers.
Unit 2: Learning Objective B: Explain the process of state building and decline in Eurasia over time.
Unit 2: Learning Objective C: Explain how the expansion of empires influenced trade and communication over time.
Unit 2: Learning Objective D: Explain the significance of the Mongol Empire in larger patterns of continuity and change
Economics Systems ECN As societies develop, they affect and are affected by the ways that they produce, exchange, and consume goods and services.
Cultural Developments and Interactions CDI The development of ideas, beliefs, and religions illustrates how groups in society view themselves, and the interactions of societies and their beliefs often have political, social, and cultural implications.
Humans and the Environments ENV The environment shapes human societies, and as populations grow and change, these populations in turn shape their environments.
KC-3.1.I.A.ii - Improved transportation technologies and commercial practices led to an increased volume of trade and expanded the geographical range of existing trade routes, including the Indian Ocean, promoting the growth of powerful new trading cities.
KC-3.1.I.C.ii - The growth of interregional trade in luxury goods was encouraged by significant innovations in previously existing transportation and commercial technologies, including the use of the compass, the astrolabe, and larger ship designs.
KC-3.1.I.A.iii - The Indian Ocean trading network fostered the growth of states.
KC-3.1.III.B - In key places along important trade routes, merchants set up diasporic communities where they introduced their own cultural traditions into the indigenous cultures and, in turn, indigenous cultures influenced merchant cultures.
KC-3.2.II.A.iii - Interregional contacts and conflicts between states and empires encouraged significant technological and cultural transfers, including during Chinese maritime activity led by Ming Admiral Zheng He.
KC-3.1.II.A.i - The expansion and intensification of long distance trade routes often depended on environmental knowledge, including advanced knowledge of the monsoon winds.
Unit 2: Learning Objective E: Explain the causes of the growth of networks of exchange after 1200.
Unit 2: Learning Objective F: Explain the effects of the growth of networks of exchange after 1200.
Unit 2: Learning Objective G: Explain the role of environmental factors in the development of networks of exchange in the period from c. 1200 to c. 1450.
Technology and Innovation TEC Human adaptation and innovation have resulted in increased efficiency, comfort, and security, and technological advances have shaped human development and interactions with both intended and unintended consequences.
Governance GOV A variety of internal and external factors contribute to state formation, expansion, and decline. Governments maintain order through a variety of administrative institutions, policies, and procedures, and governments obtain, retain, and exercise power in different ways and for different purposes.
KC-3.1.II.A.ii - The growth of interregional trade was encouraged by innovations in existing transportation technologies.
KC-3.1.I.A.iv - Improved transportation technologies and commercial practices led to an increased volume of trade and expanded the geographical range of existing trade routes, including the trans-Saharan trade network.
KC-3.1.I.E.ii - The expansion of empires—including Mali in West Africa–facilitated Afro-Eurasian trade and communication as new people were drawn into the economies and trade networks.
Unit 2: Learning Objective H: Explain the causes and effects of the growth of trans-Saharan trade.
Unit 2: Learning Objective I: Explain how the expansion of empires influenced trade and communication over time.
Cultural Developments and Interactions CDI The development of ideas, beliefs, and religions illustrates how groups in society view themselves, and the interactions of societies and their beliefs often have political, social, and cultural implications.
KC-3.1.III.D - Increased cross-cultural interactions resulted in the diffusion of literary, artistic, and cultural traditions, as well as scientific and technological innovations.
KC-3.3.II - The fate of cities varied greatly, with periods of significant decline and periods of increased urbanization, buoyed by rising productivity and expanding trade networks.
KC-3.1.III.C - As exchange networks intensified, an increasing number of travelers within AfroEurasia wrote about their travels.
Unit 2: Learning Objective J: Explain the intellectual and cultural effects of the various networks of exchange in Afro-Eurasia from c. 1200 to c. 1450.
Humans and the Environments ENV The environment shapes human societies, and as populations grow and change, these populations in turn shape their environments.
KC-3.1.IV - There was continued diffusion of crops and pathogens, with epidemic diseases, including the bubonic plague, along trade routes.
Unit 2: Learning Objective K: Explain the environmental effects of the various networks of exchange in Afro-Eurasia from c. 1200 to c. 1450.
The final topic in this unit focuses on the skill of argumentation and so provides an opportunity for your students to draw upon the key concepts and historical developments they have studied in this unit. Using evidence relevant to this unit’s key concepts, students should practice the suggested skill for this topic.
KC-3.1 - A deepening and widening of networks of human interaction within and across regions contributed to cultural, technological, and biological diffusion within and between various societies.
KC-3.3 - Changes in trade networks resulted from and stimulated increasing productive capacity, with important implications for social and gender structures and environmental processes.
Unit 2: Learning Objective L: Explain the similarities and differences among the various networks of exchange in the period from c. 1200 to c. 1450.