Expressive language is the use of words and gestures to relate ideas and thoughts. An expressive language impairment may include difficulty with at least one of the following skills:
Sentence structure
Grammar
Vocabulary
Word finding
Inferencing
Problem Solving
Predicting
Sequencing oral narratives (First, next, then, last)
Receptive language, also called auditory comprehension, refers to the process of perceiving language and assigning meaning to it. A receptive language or auditory comprehension impairment may include difficulty with the following skills:
Following directions
Basic concepts
Understanding of grammar
Receptive vocabulary
Comprehension of questions (yes/no, who/what/where/when/why/how)
Semantic relationships(relationship between words)
Understanding of figurative language
Pragmatic language is the use of language in context, also known as social communication. A social communication impairment may include difficulty with the following skills:
Greetings/farewells
Protesting/refusing
Requesting
Questioning/commenting
Conversation skills
Turn taking
Topic maintenance
Personal space
Using tone, volume, and inflection to convey meaning
Reading books with your child has many language building opportunities. Some examples include:
Talking about character feelings and traits
Encouraging predicting (e.g., “What do you think will happen next?”)
Asking wh- questions, both literal and inferential
Talking about vocabulary
Encourage social problem solving in everyday situations. Ask your child “What do you think you should do?”
Verbalize your thought process with statements such as “I wonder..”
Model structurally correct language. If your child says something incorrectly, model the correct production.
Have your child follow directions around the home. Increase the complexity by adding more steps or embedding concepts in the direction (e.g., under, on, in front). Allow your child time to process the direction before repeating or rephrasing it.
Focus on the meaning of your child’s message rather than focusing on any errors that it may contain.