Embedded Files
These links and files describe work that my collaborators and I have completed on the Lions of Tsavo. They focus on those lions living in the Tsavo region today, as well as the notorious man-eaters shot by Col. Patterson, now on display at the Field Museum. Most are posted as pdfs--if you wish copies of articles that are unavailable for download, write me
2025
2025
Armstrong E.E., C. Curry, K.A. Solari, S. Morgan, B.D. Patterson, B. Agwanda et al. 2025. President Roosevelt's lions reveal a century of population fragmentation in Africa's largest carnivore. bioRxiv 2025.02.26.640359. DOI
2024
2024
Nanova, O., D. Cooper, A.C. Kitchener, G.I.H. Kerley, T. Gnoske, J. Kerbis, V. Simeonovski, B.D. Patterson, D.W. Macdonald & N. Yamaguchi. 2024. Skull morphology analysis suggests the extinct Cape lion, Panthera leo melanochaita (Smith, 1842), is not distinctive. Scientific Reports 14: 24251. DOI--open access
Chege, M., B. Sewalt, F. Lesilau, G. de Snoo, B. D. Patterson, L. Kariuki, M. Otiende, P. Omondi, H. de Iongh, K. Vrieling & L.D. Bertola. 2024. Genetic diversity of lion populations in Kenya: evaluating past management practices and recommendations for future conservation action. Evolutionary Applications 17(3): e13676. DOI
The Tsavo man-eaters as newly mounted in 1925
2023
2023
Patterson, B.D. 2023. The Man-eaters of Tsavo and the untapped potential of natural history collections. Curator 66(3): 523-531. read-only pdf
Nams, V. et al. (numerous authors including BDP). 2023. Spatial patterns of two large African cats: A large scale study on density, home range size, and overlap, of both lions and leopards. Mammal Review 49(2): 49-64. DOI--open access
Lions and leopards respond differently in spatial overlap as a function of home range size (Nams et al 2023)
2022
2022
Bertola, L.D., M. Vermaat, F. Lesilau, M. Chege, P.N. Tumenta, E.A. Sogbohossou, O.D. Schaap, H. Bauer, B.D. Patterson, P.A. White, H.H. de Iongh, J. Laros & K. Vrieling. 2022. Whole genome sequencing and the application of a SNP panel reveal primary evolutionary lineages and genomic diversity within lions (Panthera leo). BMC Genomics 23: 321. DOI-open access
2020
2020
Noonan, M.J. et al (53 authors including BDP). 2020. Body size-dependent underestimation of mammalian area requirements. Conservation Biology 34(4): 1017–1028. DOI--open access
2019
2019
Noonan, M.J. et al. (numerous co-authors including BDP). 2019. A comprehensive analysis of autocorrelation and bias in home range estimation. Ecological Monographs 89(2): e01344. DOI -- analysis includes 3 Tsavo lions
Patterson, B.D. & T.P. Gnoske. 2019. 37—The myth and science behind the man-eating lions of Tsavo. Pp. 116-117 in 125 moments in the natural history of the Field Museum (F. Mercurio, E. Hogan & C. Garland, eds.). Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, 391 pp. pdf →
2018
2018
Tucker, M.A. et al. (numerous authors including BDP). 2018. Moving in the Anthropocene: global reductions in terrestrial mammalian movements. Science 359(6374): 466–469. DOI -- analysis includes 3 Tsavo lions
2017
2017
DeSantis, L.R.G. & B.D. Patterson. 2017. Dietary behavior of man-eating lions as revealed by dental microwear textures. Scientific Reports. open access
Different responses of lions and leopards to spatial overlap, from Nams et al. 2022
The genome of Tsavo's Kabochi and 9 other lions served to identify SNPs in the article by Bertola et al. 2022 (BMC Genomics)
The first man-eater, from Patterson & Gnoske 2019
March 2016 ALWG workshop on African lions, held in Kasane, Botswana
2015
2015
Worldview on WBEZ- a conversation over Cecil... (15-minute interview)
2013
2013
Dubach, J.M., M.B. Briggs, P.A. White, B.A. Ament & B.D. Patterson*. 2013. Genetic perspectives on "Lion Conservation Units" in Eastern and Southern Africa. Conservation Genetics 14:741-755. *corresponding author: pdf SOM
Patterson, B. D. 2013. What's in a name? (Re)naming the lions of Africa. In the Field 84(2):9. pdf
Packer, C. et al. (numerous co-authors including BDP). 2013. Conserving large carnivores: Dollars and fence. Ecology Letters 16:635-641 pdf (234 kb) SOM
[News] Cheryl Lyn Dybas' story on the Addis Ababa lions in Africa Geographic body of story
The changing face of the lion Michael Marshall's New Scientist article (26 Mar 2013)
Cheryl Lyn Dybas' story on the lions of West and Central Africa in Natural History body of story
2012
2012
Patterson, B. D. 2012. The man-eating lions of Tsavo and the science behind the killings. Open Skies Apr 2012: 84-93. pdf (2.4 Mb)
2010
2010
Paul Raffaele's article in Jan 2010 Smithsonian Magazine body of story
2009
2009
Yeakel, J.D., B.D. Patterson, K. Fox-Dobbs, M.M. Okumura, T.E. Cerling, J.W. Moore, P.L. Koch & N.J. Dominy. 2009. Cooperation and individuality among man-eating lions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106:19040-19043 + cover. pdf (833 kb)
Chicago Tonight interview (WTTW-11)-- 3 Nov 2009
Bahati and Kabochi on the cover of the 10 Nov 2009 issue of PNAS USA.
A tale of two lions--Bahati (a) and Charlie (b), both six years old and from Tsavo, but raised under different climatic regimens (Fig. 1 in Evol. Biol.)
2008
2008
John Cody's WBBM interview (12 Sep 2008)
John Cody's WBBM interview (12 Sep 2008)
story headline (wav file)
body of story (wav file)
2007
2007
Patterson, B.D. 2007. The meaning of manes. Hunting Insight Africa 9:41-45. pdf (1.08 Mb).
Patterson, B.D. 2007. On the nature and significance of variability in lions (Panthera leo). Evolutionary Biology 34:55-60. pdf (258 kb).
2006
2006
Patterson, B.D., R.W. Kays, S.M. Kasiki & V.M. Sebestyen. 2006. Developmental effects of climate on the mane of the lion (Panthera leo). Journal of Mammalogy 87:193-200 + cover. pdf (457 kb).
News Track
YubaNet
South Coast Today
Times of India.pdf -- Sameer Kaushal's article in the Times of India on his participation on Team 2005-12
Smith_article--Netherlands -- Willem H. Smith's article in the 7 Feb 2006 issue of the newspaper Reformatorisch Dagblad
Cassius on the cover of the April 2006 issue of the Journal of Mammalogy (photo © B.D. Patterson).
Kabochi on the cover of the Dutch newspaper Reformatorisch Dagblad on 7 Feb 2006 (photo © B.D. Patterson)
Duffy's cartoon from the Des Moines Register on mane length variation and sexual selection
2005
2005
Patterson, B.D. 2005. Living with lions in Tsavo, or some notes on managing man-eaters. Travel News & Lifestyle (East Africa) 129 (Feb 2005): 28-31 + cover. pdf (889 kb).
Dubach, J, B.D. Patterson, M.B. Briggs, K. Venzke, J. Flammand, P. Stander, L. Scheepers & R. Kays. 2005. Molecular genetic variation across the southern and eastern geographic ranges of the African lion, Panthera leo. Conservation Genetics 7:15-24. pdf (314 kb).
Patterson, B.D. 2005. [Review] Evolving Eden: an illustrated guide to the evolution of the African large-mammal fauna, by A. Turner and M. Anton. Journal of Mammalogy86:1052-1053. pdf (93 kb).
Patterson, B.D., N. Yamaguchi, J.M. Dubach & D. York. 2005. Molecular genetics and morphological variation of lions (Panthera leo). African Lion Newsletter 6(2):17-23. pdf (296 kb).
Bahati, the cover boy! (photo © B.D. Patterson)
Kenosha-sm link -- Kenosha News article on my 13 Nov presentation at the Kenosha Public Museum
VegNews_2005 link -- Mane attraction--a story running in the Sep-Oct 2005 issue of VegNews.
ZoeGamble-Global8_4_-- Zoe Gamble's article in Global on the Earthwatch project.
BBC Science piece -- link"Tracking the maneless lions of Tsavo" by Kevin Bishop (19 Sep 2005)
expeditions@fieldmuseum website -- Virtual expedition to Tsavo with Expeditions at Field Museum
2004
2004
Patterson, B.D. 2004. The lions of Tsavo: exploring the legacy of Africa's notorious man-eaters. McGraw-Hill, New York, 231 pp. examine book here
Patterson, B.D. 2004. Maneless and misunderstood: the lions of Tsavo. Earthwatch Institute 23(2):12-15. pdf (920 kb)
Patterson, B.D., S.M. Kasiki, E. Selempo & R.W. Kays. 2004. Livestock predation by lions (Panthera leo) and other carnivores on ranches neighboring Tsavo National Park, Kenya. Biological Conservation 119:507-516. pdf (430 kb)
Patterson, B.D. 2004. Fatal attraction: a predilection for livestock threatens Tsavo's lions. Earthwatch Institute - Australia April/May 2004:6-7. pdf (840 kb).
After years, the book is finally printed! read review
BBC_Wildlife_review_2004.pdf -- Peter Jackson's review of the book in BBC Wildlife.
Wesleyan_University_2004.pdf -- Evan Barton's article in the Argus.
Kirsten_Weir_s_article.pdf -- Kirsten Weir's Oct 2004 Current Science article on collaborative research
Mystery_of_the_Man-Eating_Lions -- Dave Newbart's article in the Aug-Sep 2004 issue of National Wildlife
Pulse of the Planet coverage with Dr Roland Kays
01_-_POTP_-_Tsavo_Lions_1.mp3 -- Roland Kays part 1
02_-_POTP_-_Tsavo_Lions_2.mp3 -- Roland Kays part 2
03_-_POTP_-_Tsavo_Lions_3.mp3 -- Roland Kays part 3
04_-_POTP_-_Tsavo_Lions_4.mp3 -- Roland Kays part 4
New Scientist -- Crying wolf over predator attacks (Anna Gosline's article)
read a review -- Susan Lumpkin's review for FONZ
Science Daily -- Lion Attacks On Livestock In Africa Are Significant But Manageable
Undamaged teeth of female lion killed in retaliation for stock marauding (photo from Samuel Kasiki, KWS).
2003
2003
Patterson, B.D., E.J. Neiburger & S.M. Kasiki. 2003. Tooth breakage and dental disease as causes of carnivore-human conflicts. Journal of Mammalogy 84:190-196. pdf (340 kb).
Patterson, B.D. & S.M. Kasiki. 2003. Expedition briefing: Lions of Tsavo. Earthwatch Institute, Maynard, Massachusetts, 30 pp + appendices.
Jennifer's_article.pdf -- Jennifer Williams' article in the Toronto Globe and Mail about the adventures of Team 2002-8
Man-eating lions dine on ecotourists -- London Evening Standard's article of 13 Feb 2003
Maneating lions not the walking wounded -- New Scientist article on Journal of Mammalogy paper
It's all a matter of taste -- Humans taste good to all lions, not just the sick
Why do some lions become maneaters? -- The World's No.1 Science & Technology News Service
2002
2002
Neiburger, E.J. & B.D. Patterson. 2002. A forensic dental determination of serial killings by three African lions. General Dentistry 50:40-43. pdf (660 kb).
Kays, R.W. & B.D. Patterson. 2002. Mane variation in African lions and its social correlates. Canadian Journal of Zoology 80:471-478. pdf (466 kb).
BBC_Wildlife_2002.pdf -- Carolyn Malkin's article
Interview on maneless lions -- Discovery Channel Canada interview
Are maneless Tsavo lions prone to male pattern baldness? -- National Geographic Society news report
Man-eaters at the Field Museum -- pages describing field studies, museum and lab research, and forensic investigations
Oklahoma State O'Collegian -- article describing lecture given in February 2002
Killer lions and toothaches -- more on dental infirmities
Baldness in cats and man -- Scientists link bald men to notorious short-haired lion
Cave discovery and research plans -- outline of research agenda of several FM scientists
Lions of Tsavo -- Earthwatch institute's webpages on behavior and ecology fieldwork
2001
2001
Patterson, B.D. 2001. [Review] Prides: the lions of Moremi, by C. Harvey and P. Kat. Journal of Mammalogy 82:248-250. pdf (37 kb).
Patterson, B.D. & E.J. Neiburger. 2001. Lion with a sore tooth. Nature Australia 26(12):12. pdf (580 kb).
2000
2000
Neiburger, E.J. & B.D. Patterson. 2000. Man eating lions...a dental link. Journal of the American Association of Forensic Dentists 24(7-9):1-3. pdf (200 kb).
Neiburger, E.J. & B.D. Patterson. 2000. The man-eaters with bad teeth. New York State Dental Journal 66(10):26-29 + cover. cover (370 kb) and pdf (870 kb).
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