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QUESTION: How can we restore the Endangered Redfish Sockeye Salmon to a recovered population,
-meet future energy demands,
-help the transportation sector slash its global-warming emissions and remain economically viable, -increase renewable and sustainable energy production levels, and
-create thousands clean-energy jobs and build vibrant local and regional economies?
This paper will take the form of a blended research and persuasive essay. Our goal in asking you to research, think, and, ultimately, write about this issue is for you to apply the ideas, concepts, and authors that we’ve been studying to take a position on salmon recovery and the removal of the four Lower Snake River dams
Requirements
A successful paper will:
QUOTE FROM AT LEAST THREE DIFFERENT TEXTS ( Encounters with the Archdruid, Walden, "The Fight for Conservation," "Hetch Hetchy")
DEVELOP AT LEAST THREE FACTS FROM RESEARCH: https://sites.google.com/a/communityschool.org/us-american-environmental-literature-huss/environmental-lit-final-paper/lower-snake-river-dams-resources
DEVELOP AT LEAST THREE CONCEPTS FROM OUR READINGS. (see below).
Maximum length: 1800 words.
Develop persuasive argumentation for each controversial point : create counter, concede, converse for each major controversial point. See Writing Guide # 49-51.
Outline Guide for Persuasive Editorial
I. Title
A. Introduction
1. Opener: engage the reader with a quote, personal experience, or commands / directives
2. Bridge: connects opener to the topic
3. Embedded thesis and plan: plan lists the concepts to be addressed and the thesis develops the solution to the issue:
B. First Body Paragraph
1. Summarize the counter argument:
a. Quotation to develop the counterargument
1) Context
2) Condense
3) Connect
2. Concede: agree with one or several points in the counterargument / explain why you concede this point as irrefutable:
3. Converse: lead with the most persuasive argument / point in your favor
a. Quotation to develop your argument
1) Context
2) Condense
3) Connect
C. 2nd Body Paragraph
1. Summarize the counter argument:
a. Quotation to develop the counterargument
1) Context
2) Condense
3) Connect
2. Concede: agree with one or several points in the counterargument / explain why you concede this point as irrefutable:
3. Converse: lead with the most persuasive argument / point in your favor
a. Quotation to develop your argument
1) Context
2) Condense
3) Connect
D. Third Body Paragraph: Develop your argument
1. Quotation:
a. Context
b. Condense:
c. Concept Definition
d. Connect by applying the concept
E. Develop your argument
1. Quotation:
a. Context
b. Condense:
c. Concept Definition
d. Connect by applying the concept
F. Develop your argument
1. Quotation:
a. Context
b. Condense:
c. Concept Definition
d. Connect by applying the concept
G. Conclusion
1. Connect last point to your thesis:
2. List the possible solutions that would follow your argument
3. List what needs to happen in order for your solutions to be successful:
4. Ender: leave reader with a call to action
Model Outline for Persuasive Editorial
I. Title: "Bring the Dam Dams Down"
A. Introduction
1. Opener: personal narrative of 9th grade river trip; four days of wilderness river
2. Bridge: Salmon River is longest undammed River in the contiguous US and should remain so. If Lower Snake River dams are removed, then the Salmon will once again have 13 species of salmon restored to sustainable populations.
3. Embedded thesis and plan: By reviewing how an ecocentric view of Redfish Sockeye salmon, their ecological contribution to the Salmon River ecosystem, and the problems with salmon hatcheries, it will become clear that the four Lower Snake River Dams need to be removed. By pursuing solar, wind, and geothermal power, using rail to transport goods instead of barges, and creating irrigation alternatives, we can remove the four Lower Snake River dams and restore the Redfish Sockeye Salmon to sustainable populations.
B. First Body Paragraph
1. Summarize the counter argument: Some believe we need to use our environment to benefit man now...any natural source that is wasted and prevents man from improving our standard of living.
a. Quotation to develop the counterargument: "The first great fact about conservation is that it stands for development... Conservation does mean provision for the future, but it means also and first of all the recognition of the right of the present generation to the fullest necessary use of all the resources with which this country is so abundantly blessed. Conservation demands the welfare of this generation first, and afterward the welfare of the generations to follow.
The first principle of conservation is development, the use of the natural resources now existing on this continent for the benefit of the people who live here now. (Huss)---
1) Context: Gifford Pinchot is arguing for development of Hetch Hetchy Dam in Yosemite National Park in 1910.
2) Condense: Pinchot argues that we must alter nature to benefit man by developing nature, while leaving some of the natural resources for future development by man.
3) Connect to a concept: This view of nature is anthropcentric- a perspective that percieves nature' value based upon how well it serves the needs of man.
2. Concede: It is true that we need develop natural resources to improve the standard of living of man. Timber harvests, mining, damming rivers have all led to a better way of life for humans.
3. Converse: However, we need to develop our natural resources in a way that allows for the sustainability of the ecosystem as a whole.
a. Quotation to develop your argument: "Many of our major rivers and streams drain from the Idaho batholith, the granitic foundation of much of mountainous central Idaho. This rocky alpine landscape leaves waterways starved for nutrients.Thanks to decomposing salmon carcasses, our rivers, meadows and forests are fertilized by huge amounts of marine nutrients that include nitrogen and phosphorus compounds. (Huss)
1) Context: In this article, the authors argue for the removal of the four Lower Snake River dams and take a biological approach to their argument.
2) Condense: decaying salmon allow other fish, salmon smolts, river vegetation, trees, birds, bears to flourish.
3) Connect to a concept: ecological interdependence: high alpine ecosystem depends on marine nutrients of spawning salmon
C. 2nd Body Paragraph
1. Summarize the counter argument: The Bureau of Reclamation which develops dams on our rivers in the Us believes dams in the arid West has allowed human civilation to flourish in areas that receive less than inches of rain a year.
a. Quotation to develop the counterargument: "I am a greater conservationist..I do things. the col river would not be worth a good gad dammed to anyone...I made water water accessible tao man. I don't apologize for that." (McPhee 240).
1) Context: Flod Dominiy-the Dir of Bur od Relamation- is addressing David Brower-the Pres of the Sierra Club- and they are debating damming the GC Natl Park.
2) Condense: Dominy asserts that without dams a river has no valuable use to man. It is a waste.
3) Connect to a concept: Similar to Pinchot, Dominy is an anthropocentic thinker.
2. Concede: It is a fact that without dams a river does not generate power, water for irrigation. and people are threatened by floods.
3. Converse: It is my view that river ecosystems are not owned by man to be solely for our benefit.
a. Quotation to develop your argument: Brower states "if you are against a dam, you are for a river."
1) Context:
2) Condense
3) Connect to a concept: ecocentrism...
D. Third Body Paragraph
1. Summarize the counter argument:
a. Quotation to develop a concept
1) Context
2) Condense
3) Connect to a concept
2. Concede: agree with one or several points in the counterargument / explain why you concede this point as irrefutable:
3. Converse: lead with the most persuasive argument / point in your favor
a. Quotation to develop your argument
1) Context
2) Condense
3) Connect to a concept
E. Develop your argument
1. Quotation:
a. Context
b. Condense:
c. Connect to you a concept
F. Develop your argument
1. Quotation:
a. Context
b. Condense:
c. Connect to a concept
G. Develop your argument
1. Quotation:
a. Context
b. Condense:
c. Connect to a concept
H. Conclusion
1. React to last point and readdress why you believe in your view / your thesis:
2. List the possible solutions that would follow your argument
3. List what needs to happen in order for your solutions to be successful:
4. Ender: leave reader with one last thought on the issue and or return to the opener.
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