Risk Factors to be Investigated

Sex - Male

Year of study - MBBS Clinical Year

Lack of awareness of smartphone contamination

Posting at high risk hospital department - e.g.,   ICU

Hospitalisation

Public transportation / crowded area

Living with elderly / healthcare personnel

No frequent hand-washing

No regular phone disinfection

Sharing phones

Phone usage in toilet

Phone usage during working / ward rounds

Phone usage with gloves on

No hand sanitisation after patient contact