Prevalence

• 76% mixed bacterial growth

• 47.9% CoNS

• 20.9% S. aureus

• 5.9% of S. aureus are oxacillin-resistant

(Hikmah and Anuar, 2020)

• 79% contaminated with bacteria

• 53% CoNS

• 48% MRSA

• 25% MRSS

• MRSA among 25% of S. aureus

• MR-CoNS  among 48% of CoNS

(Mushabati et al., 2021)

• 72.6% bacterial contamination

  1. 1. 39.8% one species

     2. 32.8% multiple species

• 20.46% MSRA

• 19.46% MSSA

• 35.41% CoNS

(Ahmad et al., 2021)