Cavernicola genus
Cavernicola (Barber 1937) - Two species:
- Cavernicola lenti (Brazil)
- Cavernicola pilosa (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, Venezuela)
Distribution
Characteristics
- Small triatomines (<13mm), not flattened
- Body surface smooth, without granulations or conspicuous rugosities, covered with long delicate hairs
- Head ovoid and strongly convex in dorsal view
- Antenniferous tubercles without apical spinelike projection
- Interocular sulcus stongly backwardly curved and almost attaining level of posterior border of head
- Rostrum attaining prosternum, with first and third segments very short, second much longer
- Femora very wide
Biology
- in caves and hollow trees
Cavernicola lenti (Barrett & Arias 1985)
Characteristics
- Length: 9.5-12mm
- Fifth connexival segment pale, white or redish
- First rostral segment attaining the antenniferous tubercle
- Anteocular region shorte than the postocular
Biology
- in dry forest of Brazil (Amazonas, rio Uatuma), < 500m
- hosts: Bats (Phyllosomus elongatus ?), Rodents (Rhipidomys sp). Labo: humans, mice, chickens, pigeons
- infected by T. cruzi
- Habitually sylvatic: in mammal burrows, hollow trees or under bark
Cavernicola pilosa (Barber 1937)
Characteristics
- Length: 11-13.5mm
- Abundant pilosity on the body, except on membrane of hemelytra
- General color from dark brown to piceous, with yellowish markings
- Head fusiform, slightly longer than pronotum
- Eyes small, not attaining ventral and dorsal head levels in lateral view
- Different types of venation in the inner cell of the membrane of the hemelytra were observed
- Connexivum totally dark
- First rostral segment not attining the antenniferous tubercle
- Pre and postocular regions of same length
Biology
- In dry forest / very dry forest or Savannah < 1000m. Also in dry / wet / moist forest when 1000m. In Brazil (Bahia, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Pará, Paraná), Colombia (Cundinamarca, Meta, Tolima, Valle), Ecuador (Pastaza), Panama, Peru (Loreto), Venezuela (Cojedes, Portuguesa, Táchira, Lara, Territory Amazonas). < 1500m
- Hosts: bats (Desmodus rotundus, Dirias albiventer, Eumops abrasus, Molossus obscurus, Saccopteryx bilineatus)
- Occasionally domiciliated, frequently or occasionally peridomiciliary
- Habitually sylvatic: in mammal burrows, caves, hollow trees or under bark
- infected by T. cruzi and T. rangeli
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Barber HG. 1937. A new bat-cave bug from Panama (Hemiptera, heteroptera, Reduviidae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, 39: 60-63.
Barret TV & Arias JR. 1985. A new triatomine host of Trypanosoma from the Central Amazon of Brazil: Cavernicola lenti n. sp. (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae). Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 80(1): 91-96.
Calderón EGE, Figueroa K, Náquira F, Carcavallo RU & canale DM. 1985. Péru. In: Factores Biológicos y Ecológicos en la Enfermedad de Chagas. II: 449-456, OPS-ECO/MSAS-SNCh, Buenos Aires
Carcavallo, RU & Martínez A. 1985. Biología, ecología y distribución geográfica de los triatominos americanos. In: Factores biológicos y ecológicos en la enfermedad de Chagas. I, pp149-208. OMS-ECO/MSAS-SNCh. Buenos Aires.
Carcavallo RU, Galindez Giron, I, Jurberg, J & Lent H. 1998. Atlas of Chagas’ disease vectors in the Americas. Vol I, II, III. FioCruz Edition.
Cedillos R, Sousa OE, Zeledon R, Curto de Casas SI, Canale DM & Carcavallo RU. 1985. America Central. In: Factores Biológicos y Ecológicos en la Enfermedad de Chagas. II: 339-344 OPS-ECO/MSAS-SNCh, Buenos Aires.
Costa JM & Jurberg J. 1989. Studies on the resistance to fasting and nutritional aspects of Cavernicola lenti Barrett & Arias, 1985 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae). Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 84(Suppl IV): 129-137.
Costa JM, Jurberg J & Barth OM. 1991. Estudios morfológicos de Cavernicola lenti Barret & Arias, 1985 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae). Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 86(2): 247-263.
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De Oliveira MA, Moreira de Souza RC & Diotaiuti L. 2007. Redescription of the genus Cavernicola and the tribe Cavercolini (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae), with morphological and morphometric parameters. Zootaxa, 1457: 57-68.
Dias E, Mello GB, Costa O, Damasceno R & Azevedo M. 1942. Investigacôes sôbre esquisotripanose de morcègos no Estado do Para. Encontro do barbeiro Cavernicola pilosa como transmissor. Rev. Brasileira Biol. 2(1): 103-110.
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Espinola HN. 1985. Brasil. In: Factores Biológicos y Ecológicos en la Enfermedad de Chagas. II: 363-372 OPS-ECO/MSAS-SNCh, Buenos Aires.
Gomes AC & Pereira JLA. 1977. On the finding of Cavernicola pilosa Barber, 1937, in the State of Parana, Brazil. Rev. Saude Publ. S. Paulo, 11: 427-428.
Lent H & Jurberg J. 1969. O gênero Cavernicola Barber, 1937, com un estudio sôbre a genitália externa (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae). Rev. Brasileira Biol., 29(3): 317-327.
Lent H & Wygodzinsky P. 1979. Revision of the Triatominae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae), and their significance as vectors of Chagas disease. Bull. American Mus. Nat. Hist. 163 (Art. 3): 125-520.
Marinkelle CJ. 1966. Observations on human, monkey and bat trypanosomes and their vectors in Colombia. Trans. Royal Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 60: 109-116.
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Ramirez-Pérez J. 1985. Chipos de Venezuela. 108p. CEPIALET OPS/MNS. Villa de Cura, Aragua
Soto Vivas A. 2009. Clave pictórica de triatominos (Hemiptera: Triatominae) de Venezuela. Boletin de Malariologia y Salud Ambiental. XLIX(2): 259-274.
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