23 – 23.4 THF, Tremendously High Frequency radio, Radio Astronomy, Satellites, Laser, and Somalia photos 42.
5 February 2021.
Tremendously High Frequency THF radio.
THF Radio Astronomy.
Earth and space exploration,
Satellites,
Radar.
Laser,
The All Frequency Database Index is here: http://sites.google.com/site/somaliaamateurradio/somaliaphotos10
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23 THF Tremendously High Frequency.
23.1 THF Amateur Radio experimentation.
23.2 THF Satellites, Earth and space exploration.
23.3 THF Radio Astronomy.
23.4 THF Laser communications and emissions.
23.
THF Radio Communications and Emissions.
Tremendously High Frequency.
(Named by some as Terribly High Frequency).
THF 300000 – 3000000 MHz.
THF 300 – 3000 GHz.
THF 300 GHz – 3 THz
THF 0.3 THz – 3 THz
THF 300000 MHz – 3000 GHz.
THF 300 GHz – 3000 GHz.
THF 300000 MHz – 3000000 MHz.
THF 300000000 – 3000000000 kHz.
THF 300000000 kHz – 3000000000 kHz.
THF 300000000000 Hz – 3000000000000 Hz.
Tremendously High Frequency communications stations and TSW emissions.
THF Satellite radio communications, Military radio communications, Radio Astronomy and other THF radio emissions are here.
Introduction to Tremendously High Frequency THF DX, the hobby of listening to distant Tremendously High Frequency THF Radio Astronomy natural radio emissions between 300000 MHz and 3000000 MHz (300 GHz – 3000 GHz, 0.3 THz – 3 THz).
THF contain the Sub Millimetre Wave (Sub Millimeter Wave) band.
Tremendously High Frequency (THF) radio signals have Tremendously Short Wave (TSW) lengths.
THF DX Long distance Tremendously High Frequency radio listening.
THF DX Long distance Tremendously High Frequency radio hunting.
THF DXer Long distance Tremendously High Frequency radio listener.
THF DXing is the searching for long distance Tremendously High Frequency radio signals.
THF 300000 MHz – 3000000 MHz (300 GHz – 3000 GHz, 0.3 THz – 3 THz).
Decimillimetric waves.
Radio Astronomy on THF.
The hobby of Listening to THF radio signals from outer space.
The hobby of Listening to THF radio signals from space satellites.
The hobby of Listening to THF space radio communication.
The hobby of Listening to THF radio emissions from the Universe.
Radio Frequency spectrum classification.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_frequency
https://terasense.com/terahertz-technology/radio-frequency-bands/
The electromagnetic spectrum from Microwave to visible light.
The lower Infrared frequencies can be considered as the highest microwave radio frequencies (THF) in the electromagnetic spectrum.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave
THF is above EHF.
Tremendously High Frequencies are above Extremely High Frequencies.
THF include part of the Infrared.
Tremendously High Frequencies include part of the Infrared.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-physics/chapter/the-electromagnetic-spectrum
Terahertz radiation.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terahertz_radiation
https://www.chemeurope.com/en/encyclopedia/Tremendously_high_frequency.html
http://www.bay-net.org/uploads/1/2/2/7/122774721/w6by_microwave_ops.pdf
https://terasense.com/news/looking-deeper-in-what-terahertz-thz-is/
Studies on the use of frequency bands above 275 GHz by land-mobile and fixed service applications from 275 GHz to 450 GHz.
Terahertz tech is the next big thing in wireless — but what is it?
https://venturebeat.com/2020/08/27/terahertz-tech-is-the-next-big-thing-in-wireless-but-what-is-it/
23.1
Amateur Radio experimentation.
Amateur Radio on Tremendously High Frequencies.
Amateur Radio on THF.
Amateur Radio above 300 GHz.
THF frequencies have attracted Amateur Radio experimentation.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submillimeter_amateur_radio
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_spectrum
https://ham.stackexchange.com/questions/516/ham-radio-above-275-ghz
http://www.self.gutenberg.org/articles/eng/Tremendously_high_frequency
Amateur Radio from 275 GHz to 30000 GHz
Amateur Radio from 275 GHz to 30 THz.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submillimeter_amateur_radio
Amateur Radio Microwave to light waves distance records.
https://www.microwavers.org/index.htm?records.htm
All frequencies above 275 GHz are allocated for Amateur Radio experimentation in the USA.
http://www.arrl.org/frequency-allocations
https://www.arrl.org/files/file/LabHandbook/RLH%20Unit%202.pdf
What is AM (Amplitude Modulation)?
What is SSB (Single Sideband)?
What is FM (Frequency Modulation)?
What is CW (Morse code)?
What is FSK (Frequency Shift Keying)?
What is TV (Television)?
What are Digital transmission modes?
https://www.sigidwiki.com/wiki/Category:Amateur_Radio
https://hamradioschool.com/loads-of-modes/
https://www.amateur-radio-wiki.net/modes/
https://www.essexham.co.uk/how-to-get-started-with-data-modes
http://www.arrl.org/modes-systems
https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/ham_radio/digimodes/digital-modes-summary.php
https://www.wia.org.au/members/digital/about/
https://telsoc.org/journal/ajtde-v3-n4/a41
Germany.
Amateur Radio above 275 GHz in Germany.
http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html
United Kingdom.
Amateur Radio from 275 GHz to 3000 GHz in the United Kingdom.
In the UK there are no regulations for frequencies above 3000 GHz 3 THz.
https://rsgb.org/main/operating/band-plans/microwaves/terahertz/
Video: UK 288 GHz Experiments by Roger G8CUB.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9GkWNWf-x24
Video First UK 288GHz radio contact.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yw8hzjV5mC0
United States.
Amateur Radio above 275 GHz in the United States.
Amateur stations transmitting in the following segments must not cause harmful interference to radio astronomy stations: 76-81 GHz, 136-141 GHz, 241-248 GHz, 275-323 GHz, 327-371 GHz, 388-424 GHz, 426-442 GHz, 453-510 GHz, 623-711 GHz, 795-909 GHz, or 926-945 GHz. In addition, amateur stations transmitting in the following segments must not cause harmful interference to stations in the Earth exploration-satellite service (passive) or the space research service (passive): 275-286 GHz, 296-306 GHz, 313-356 GHz, 361-365 GHz, 369-392 GHz, 397-399 GHz, 409-411 GHz, 416-434 GHz, 439-467 GHz, 477-502 GHz, 523-527 GHz, 538-581 GHz, 611-630 GHz, 634-654 GHz, 657-692 GHz, 713-718 GHz, 729-733 GHz, 750-754 GHz, 771-776 GHz, 823-846 GHz, 850-854 GHz, 857-862 GHz, 866-882 GHz, 905-928 GHz, 951-956 GHz, 968-973 GHz and 985-990 GHz.
http://www.arrl.org/frequency-allocations
Amateur Radio on 241 GHz in the USA.
http://www.mgef.org/zms_241_2.htm
Amateur Radio on 241 GHz and 322 GHz in the USA.
http://www.mgef.org/zms_241.htm
Amateur Radio on 403 GHz in the USA.
http://www.mgef.org/zms_403_2.htm
Amateur Radio on 411 GHz in the USA.
http://www.mgef.org/zms_403.htm
23.2
Satellites.
THF Satellites.
Satellites on THF.
Earth and space exploration.
THF Earth and space exploration.
The hobby of listening to orbiting space satellites on THF radio.
Earth exploration satellites and outer space research on THF.
275 – 277 GHz.
294 – 306 GHz.
316 – 334 GHz
342 – 349 GHz.
363 – 365 GHz.
371 – 389 GHz.
416 – 434 GHz.
442 – 444 GHz.
496 – 506 GHz.
546 – 568 GHz.
624 – 629 GHz.
634 – 654 GHz.
659 – 661 GHz.
684 – 692 GHz.
730 – 732 GHz.
851 – 853 GHz.
951 – 956 GHz.
See 5.3a – 5.3d (Satellite radio broadcasting).
See 6.7 (Satellite TV broadcasting).
See 18.16 (HF Satellites).
See 19.13 (VHF Satellites).
See 20.15 (UHF Satellites).
See 21.10 (SHF Satellites).
See 22.7 (EHF Satellites).
See 24 – 29.
23.3
Radio Astronomy.
THF Radio Astronomy.
Radio Astronomy on THF.
Sub Millimetre Radio Astronomy.
Radio Astronomy on the Sub Millimetre band.
Sub Millimeter Radio Astronomy.
Radio Astronomy on the Sub Millimeter band.
Listening to spectral line measurements from outer space on THF.
275 – 323 GHz.
327 – 371 GHz.
388 – 424 GHz.
426 – 442 GHz.
453 – 510 GHz.
623 – 711 GHz.
795 – 909 GHz.
926 – 945 GHz.
Australia.
Radio Astronomy in Australia.
Australian Radio Astronomy.
Australia Radio Astronomy.
Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation CSIRO.
https://www.csiro.au/en/Research/Astronomy
Australia Telescope National Facility (ATNF).
Radio Astronomy frequencies.
Frequencies for Radio Astronomy.
http://hardhack.org.au/ra_frequencies
Europe.
Radio Astronomy Frequencies in Europe.
What do radio astronomers do on these different radio frequencies? This free Radio Astronomy handbook will answer your question.
Frequencies listed in this download are used in Europe and many are common worldwide.
Committee on Radio Astronomy Frequencies CRAF.
CRAF Handbook on Radio Astronomy.
Europe Science Foundation.
Europe Radio Astronomy Frequencies 2019 here.
https://www.craf.eu/radio-quiet-zones-around-observatories/
https://www.craf.eu/literature/literature-on-protection-of-radio-astronomy-frequencies/
USA.
Radio Astronomy in the USA.
USA Radio Astronomy.
Radio Astronomy in the US.
US Radio Astronomy.
Questions and Answers about Radio Astronomy.
The National Radio Astronomy Observatory operates major radio telescope facilities in Green Bank (West Virginia, USA), Socorro (New Mexico, USA) and Tucson (Arizona, USA).
http://www.aoc.nrao.edu/intro/faq.html
Society of Amateur Radio Astronomers (SARA).
HOW TO BUILD A RADIO TELESCOPE.
http://www.radio-astronomy.org
BUY RADIO TELESCOPES.
23.4
Laser communications and emissions.
Lasar.
Lasars.
Lasar communication.
Lasar communication systems.
Lasar communications.
Lasar communications systems.
Lasar experimentation.
Lasar research.
Laser (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation).
140 – 7500 GHz.
The frequency of Lasers is 140 GHz – 7500 GHz.
The frequency of Laser is 140000 – 7500000 MHz.
Lasers use a frequency of 140000 MHz – 7500000 MHz.
Laser is generated using frequencies between 0.14 – 7.5 THz.
Laser frequency is 0.14 THz – 7.5 THz.
Lasers use frequencies from 140 GHz – 7500 GHz.
Laser frequencies range from 140,000 – 7500,000 MHz.
Laser can be generated by using wavelengths between 2.1 mm – 40 µm.
Laser can be generated by using wavelengths between 2.1 mm – 40000 nm.
Lasers use wavelengths from 2.1 mm – 40 µm.
Laser wavelengths range from 2.1 mm – 40 µm.
Laser is Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.
Be aware of the extreme danger to the human body on these microwave frequencies.
As you do with the Sun protect the eye and the human body by never looking into or standing in front of a Laser beam or any other microwave antenna.
Some Lasers cannot be seen and damage to the eye can be immediate and permanent.
Laser can be generated by using frequencies between 140 GHz – 7500 GHz. (wavelengths of 2.1 mm – 40 µm).
Tunable Laser.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunable_laser
Laser frequencies.
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983mimi.proc..598H
Earth to space Laser communications.
Submarine Laser communications under water.
Laser underwater communications.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/8243503.stm
Laser communications on land.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-space_optical_communication
Satellite to Earth laser communications.
https://wiki.pathfinderdigital.com/wiki/hicali/
https://www.wired.com/story/how-to-build-a-space-communication-system-out-of-lasers/
Laser communications in space.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_communication_in_space
Long distance laser communications in space.
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/tdm/lcrd/index.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_Communications_Relay_Demonstration
Mars Telecommunications Orbiter.
https://nasa.fandom.com/wiki/Mars_Telecommunications_Orbiter
Laser communications from Earth to the Moon and Mars.
Australia.
Lasar in Australia.
Lasars in Australia.
Lasar communications in Australia.
Lasar communications systems in Australia.
Lasar experimentation in Australia.
Lasar research in Australia.
Australia and New Zealand Standard AS/NZS 2211.10:2004 details the requirements that are necessary to protect persons from radiation from laser devices, many of which are authorized for operation by the Australian Communication and Media Authority (ACMA), Australian Radio communications (Low Interference Potential Devices LIPD class license 2000) with all amendments effective as of 1 July 2009.
Australian Communications and Media Authority ACMA (Low Interference Potential Devices LIPD).
Australian Laser communications experiments were conducted by amateur radio operator VK2ZLO using wavelengths from 630 nm – 638 nm.
In 2008 some youth’s in Sydney, N.S.W., Australia fired laser light at overhead aircraft at night that resulted in a ban on the importation of laser pointers above a power of 1 mW unless exempted.
Lasers operating on the Infrared wavelengths IR lasers are especially dangerous because you can't always see the light emitted. Damage to your eyes can be immediate and permanent.
LASER AM TRANSMITTER.
BUILD A LASER TRANSMITTER AND LASER RECEIVER. A laser diode or high intensity light emitting diode can be used. This transmitter will put your voice on laser or light. Check with electronic kit suppliers
40 mW Green Laser on a wavelength of 532 nm.
5 mW Laser on a wavelength of 770 - 799 nm.
Western Australia developing satellite laser communications station.
https://spaceaustralia.com/news/wa-developing-satellite-laser-communications-station
Canada.
Lasar in Canada.
Lasars in Canada.
Lasar communications in Canada.
Lasar communications systems in Canada.
Lasar experimentation in Canada.
Lasar research in Canada.
IR lasers (Infrared lasers) on wavelengths from 705 nm to 1064 nm.
https://www.afcea.org/content/harnessing-photons-communications
Japan.
Japan relay satellite using laser communications.
https://www.space.com/jaxa-launches-laser-communications-satellite
USA.
Lasar in the USA.
Lasars in the USA.
Lasar communications in the USA.
Lasar communications systems in the USA.
Lasar experimentation in the USA.
Lasar research in the USA.
Lasar in the US.
Lasars in the US.
Lasar communications in the US.
Lasar communications systems in the US.
Lasar experimentation in the US.
Lasar research in the US.
Amateur radio communications using Laser.
http://www.arrl.org/laser-communications
Space-based laser communications.
Lunar Laser Communications between Earth and a satellite orbiting the Moon.
https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/llcdfactsheet.final_.web_.pdf
Laser transmitted from the Earth to the Moon and reflected back to Earth.
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/missions/apollo/apollo_11/experiments/lrr
https://spie.org/news/photonics-focus/janfeb-2021/lasers-harken-data-revolution-for-space?SSO=1
Radio astronomy looks at radio signals from space.
This photo is made from radio waves, X-rays and visible light.
Photo of the Galaxy Centaurus-A which is located 10 million light years away from Earth.
The Extremely High Frequency radio signals (EHF 200 – 300 GHz) and Tremendously High Frequency (THF 300 – 2000 GHz) radio signals are shown in orange.
The radio waves, X-rays and visible light from the Galaxy Centaurus-A that we see today have travelled for 10 million light years to reach the Earth.
In outer space Light travels 300,000 km in 1 second (Light travels 186,000 miles in 1 second).
In outer space Radio waves travel 300,000 km in 1 second (Radio waves travel 186,000 miles in 1 second).
In outer space X-rays travel 300,000 km in 1 second (X-rays travel 186,000 miles in 1 second).
1 Light year is the distance that light travels in 1 year.
In 1 year light travels 9,460,800,000,000 km (In 1 year light travels 5.879,000,000,000 miles).
Centaurus-A is a Galaxy made of millions of stars and has a super massive black hole in the centre.
Radio frequencies from 200 GHz – 2000 GHz are shown in orange (The brighter orange are stronger radio signals). These submillimeter radio waves have a wavelength from 1.5 mm – 0.2mm and were received at the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX) telescope in Chile, South America.
The image shows Jets and lobes (in Orange) propelled away from a black hole in the centre of the Galaxy.
The Blue colour indicates X-rays seen by the telescope in space known as the Chandra X-ray Observatory.
The X-ray Jet (in blue) in the upper left extends for about 13,000 light years away from the black hole.
The visible light objects were seen by the Wide Field Imager on the Max-Planck European Space Observatory (ESO) 2.2 metre telescope in Chile.
The observations from the Extremely High Frequency and Tremendously High Frequency APEX radio telescope in Chile show that the material in the jets is travelling at about half the speed of light away from the black hole.
(Combined Photo of the 30 January 2009 thanks to NASA/CXC/SAO, the Submillimeter frequency data was from MPIfR/ESO/APEX/A.Weiss et al, the X-ray frequency data was from NASA/CXC/CfA/R.Kraft et al and the optical visible frequency data was from ESO/WFI).
How to build a radio station in Somalia.
How to build a radio station antenna in Somalia.
The antenna is being rotated from vertical to horizontal on top the tower in Galkayo, North East Somalia.
The antenna for Radio Free Somalia (“Free for all to use” known later as Radio Galkayo) is positioned to be turned over from its vertical position to a horizontal position on top of the tower at Galkayo Police station, Galkayo, North East Somalia in August 1994.
North East Somalia became the Puntland State of Somalia on the 1st August 1998.
(Photo Sam Voron 6O0A, VK2BVS, directing the lifting operations from the ground Abdikarim Nur Mohamud 6O0W).
Index https://sites.google.com/site/somaliaamateurradio/index1
Contact: Sam Voron VK2BVS, 6O0A.
Email somaliahamradio@yahoo.com